Dietary Pattern and Dietary Energy from Fat Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Chinese People: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Regions of China

Abstract

Associations between dietary patterns (DPs) and sarcopenia remain controversial, and fewer studies have mentioned the relationship between dietary energy composition and sarcopenia. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in three regions of China, to detect the associations between DPs and sarcopenia, and to identify the influencing nutrients. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for DP identification. Logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations between DPs and sarcopenia. Dietary nutrients and dietary energy composition were calculated and compared among different DPs. Three DPs were identified from 861 community-dwelling older people. The “mushrooms–fruits–milk” pattern was negatively associated with sarcopenia (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.14~0.77, p-trend = 0.009). Subjects in the highest quartile of the “mushrooms–fruits–milk” pattern showed more abundant intake (1.7 g/kg/d) of dietary protein, and lower percentage (31%) of energy from fat (PEF) than the other two DPs. Further analyses indicated that lower PEF (<30%) was negatively associated with sarcopenia. In conclusion, the “mushrooms–fruits–milk” pattern was negatively associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese people. This pattern showed abundant protein intake and low PEF, which may partially contribute to its protective effect on sarcopenia. Therefore, besides protein, dietary fat and PEF may also be considered in the prevention and management of sarcopenia.

Food Consumption and Dietary Patterns of Local Adults Living on the Tibetan Plateau: Results from 14 Countries along the Yarlung Tsangpo River

“…Numerous epidemiological studies provide evidence that there is a definite association between regional chronic disease and dietary patterns [ 1 , 2 ]. Therefore, increased attention has been paid to the rational dietary structure and balanced nutrient intake.…”

“…Food consumption surveys are fundamental to the analysis of food security, the assessment of diet and nutrient intake and the developing nutrition interventions [ 3 , 4 ]. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is one of the most commonly used assessment tools for diet assessment, which is a better measurement than those obtained using three days weighting method or 24 h dietary recall [ 2 ] and has been extensively used in epidemiological studies [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Meanwhile, dietary patterns use the FFQ and food intake data to identify the type of foods that are significant for a disease [ 1 , 2 ] or a specific group of people [ 5 , 6 ].…”

“…The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is one of the most commonly used assessment tools for diet assessment, which is a better measurement than those obtained using three days weighting method or 24 h dietary recall [ 2 ] and has been extensively used in epidemiological studies [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Meanwhile, dietary patterns use the FFQ and food intake data to identify the type of foods that are significant for a disease [ 1 , 2 ] or a specific group of people [ 5 , 6 ]. Compared with the traditional analysis of single food or nutrients, dietary pattern analysis has been identified as a more comprehensive method to characterize diet [ 1 ] and it can offer a broader picture of food consumption, reflect a more realistic dietary habit and provide some practical approaches to disease prevention.…”

“…Meanwhile, dietary patterns use the FFQ and food intake data to identify the type of foods that are significant for a disease [ 1 , 2 ] or a specific group of people [ 5 , 6 ]. Compared with the traditional analysis of single food or nutrients, dietary pattern analysis has been identified as a more comprehensive method to characterize diet [ 1 ] and it can offer a broader picture of food consumption, reflect a more realistic dietary habit and provide some practical approaches to disease prevention. According to previous studies, dietary pattern is also closely associated with sociodemographic, occupational factors and lifestyle factors [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Dietary Intake of Vitamin E and Fats Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese People: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fifth Survey of the ROAD Study

“…In the present study, there was a significant association between lower ORs for sarcopenia prevalence and higher intakes of fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (Table 3). The relationship between sarcopenia and fat intake has been controversial, because some previous studies have shown that a dietary pattern with a lower percentage of energy from fat was negatively related to the risk of sarcopenia [43,44], but other studies have shown that greater daily fat intake was positively related with skeletal muscle mass and lower sarcopenia prevalence [45,46]. However, the supplementation of specific fatty acids, such as omega-3 fatty acids, increases muscle mass and physical function in elderly people [47].…”