Dietary Intake of Vitamin E and Fats Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese People: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fifth Survey of the ROAD Study

Abstract

Dietary habits are of considerable interest as a modifiable factor for the maintenance of muscle health, especially sarcopenia. The present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake and sarcopenia prevalence in community-dwelling Japanese subjects. This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the fifth survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis against Disability (ROAD) study, and 1345 participants (437 men and 908 women) aged ≥60 years were included in the analysis. Sarcopenia was determined by the definition of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia established in 2014, and dietary intake was assessed with the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Overall, 77 subjects (5.7%) were identified as having sarcopenia, 5.0% of men and 6.1% of women. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios of sarcopenia for the dietary intake of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, 0.14 (CI 0.04–0.49), β-tocopherol (0.24, CI 0.07–0.78), γ-tocopherol (0.28, CI 0.09–0.87), and fats (fat 0.27, CI 0.08–0.96; monounsaturated fatty acids, 0.22, CI 0.07–0.72, polyunsaturated fatty acids, 0.28, CI 0.09–0.89) at the highest quantile were significantly lower compared with those at the lowest quantile. Therefore, higher dietary intakes of vitamin E and fats would be associated with a lower prevalence of sarcopenia.

Relationship Between Dietary Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Level and Sarcopenia. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

“…These studies were published between 2016 and 2021, which included six studies. three studies were performed in Asia (Japan and Korea) ( 17 , 19 , 21 ), and the other 3 ones were conducted in the Netherlands ( 16 ), Australia ( 18 ), and Brazil ( 20 ). Five studies included both male and female participants ( 16 , 17 , 19 – 21 ), whereas 1 study included only male participants ( 18 ).…”

“…One hundred and sixty-three irrelevant studies, 194 reviews, case reports or letters, 73 non-human studies, and 20 randomized controlled trials studies were removed. Eventually, a total of 6 articles were identified for this meta-analysis (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

“…These studies were published between 2016 and 2021, which included six studies. three studies were performed in Asia (Japan and Korea) (17,19,21), and the other 3 ones were conducted in the Netherlands (16), Australia (18), and Brazil (20). Five studies included both male and female participants (16,17,(19)(20)(21), whereas 1 study included only male participants (18).…”

“…The sample size ranged from 125 to 3,815. The dietary PUFAs level was assessed by food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in five studies (16)(17)(18)(19)21) and 24 h recall method in 1 study (20). The diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia are European Working Group on Sarcopenia (EWGSOP) (16,20), Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) (19,21), Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) (18), and Japan Society of Hepatology guidelines for sarcopenia (JSHS) (17), respectively.…”

“…To our best knowledge, several observational studies have examined the relationship between dietary omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs levels and sarcopenia. However, their results are still controversial (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Therefore, this meta-analysis of observational studies was systematically performed to investigate the above issues further.…”