Relationship Between Dietary Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Level and Sarcopenia. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Zhang, Yi; Guo, Haipeng; Liang, Jieyu; Xiao, Wenfeng; Li, Yusheng

doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.738083

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Conversely, a meta‐analysis of observational studies suggested an inverse association between dietary nω3 fatty acid level and sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 0.41 [95% CI: 0.26–0.65, p = 0.0001]). This implies that a higher dietary intake of nω3 PUFAs may be associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia 53 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcitriol is the biologically active form of vitamin D. The activation of vitamin D is a tightly regulated process, and each step is essential for the production of the active form (calcitriol), which plays a crucial role in regulating the function of immune cells and maintaining a balanced immune response, which may help reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair. Vitamin D receptor agonists produce a decreased T‐helper 1 cell immune response (prominent in inflammation) and facilitates a regulatory T‐helper 2 cell phenotypic response 53 . Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the pathogenesis and increased severity of IIMs, MS, RA, systemic sclerosis and SLE 56 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional interventions as modulators of the disease activity for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a scoping review

Sánchez‐Rosales,

Posadas‐Calleja,

Serralde‐Zúñiga

et al. 2024

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are chronic, autoimmune connective tissue diseases associated with significant morbidity and disability. Nutrients can activate the immune system and contribute to chronic low‐grade inflammation (LGI). Chronic muscle inflammation leads to imbalanced pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, causing inadequate nutrition, weight loss and muscle weakness during a negative cycle. Owing to its potential to modulate LGI in various diseases, the Mediterranean diet (Med Diet) has been extensively studied. This scoping review explores the nutritional implications and recommendations of the Med Diet as a treatment for immune‐mediated diseases, focusing on the gaps in IIM nutritional interventions. A comprehensive literature search of the MEDLINE and EBSCO databases between September 2018 and December 2022 was performed. We identified that the Med Diet and its specific components, such as omega‐3 (nω3) fatty acids, vitamin D and antioxidants, play a role in the dietary treatment of connective tissue‐related autoimmune diseases. Nutritional interventions have demonstrated potential for modulating disease activity and warrant further exploration of IIMs through experimental studies. This review introduces a dietary therapeutic approach using the Med Diet and related compounds to regulate chronic inflammatory processes in IIMs. However, further clinical studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of the Med Diet in patients with IIMs. Emphasising a clinical–nutritional approach, this study encourages future research on the anti‐inflammatory effects of the Med Diet on IIMs. This review highlights potential insights for managing and treating these conditions using a holistic approach.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional interventions as modulators of the disease activity for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a scoping review

Sánchez‐Rosales,

Posadas‐Calleja,

Serralde‐Zúñiga

et al. 2024

J Human Nutrition Diet

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“…Furthermore, low dietary ω 3 -PUFA is observed in sarcopenia patients. In a recent meta-analysis, dietary ω 3 -PUFA reduced the risk of sarcopenia by 59% [odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.26–0.65; P = 0.0001] [48]. Supplementation affected lean mass (effect size 0.27, 95% CI 0.04–0.51) and skeletal muscle mass (effect size 0.31, 95% CI 0.01–0.60) [49 ▪ ].…”

Section: Other Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel dietary strategies to manage sarcopenia

Cailleaux,

Déchelotte,

Coëffier

2024

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of review Sarcopenia is a wasting disease, mostly age-related in which muscle strength and mass decline, such as physical performance. With aging, both lower dietary protein intake and anabolic resistance lead to sarcopenia. Moreover, aging and sarcopenia display low-grade inflammation, which also worsen muscle condition. In this review, we focused on these two main targets to study dietary strategies. Recent findings The better understanding in mechanisms involved in sarcopenia helps building combined dietary approaches including physical activity that would slow the disease progression. New approaches include better understanding in the choice of quality proteins, their amount and schedule and the association with antioxidative nutrients. Summary First, anabolic resistance can be countered by increasing significantly protein intake. If increasing amount remains insufficient, the evenly delivery protein schedule provides interesting results on muscle strength. Quality of protein is also to consider for decreasing risk for sarcopenia, because varying sources of proteins appears relevant with increasing plant-based proteins ratio. Although new techniques have been developed, as plant-based proteins display a lower availability, we need to ensure an adapted overall amount of proteins. Finally, specific enrichment with leucine from whey protein remains the dietary combined approach most studied and studies on citrulline provide interesting results. As cofactor at the edge between anabolic and antioxidative properties, vitamin D supplementation is to recommend. Antioxidative dietary strategies include both fibers, vitamins, micronutrients and polyphenols from various sources for positive effects on physical performance. The ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids also display positive modifications on body composition. Gut microbiota modifiers, such as prebiotics, are promising pathways to improve muscle mass and function and body composition in sarcopenic patients. Nutritional interventions could be enhanced by combination with physical activity on sarcopenia. In healthy older adults, promoting change in lifestyle to get near a Mediterranean diet could be one of the best options. In sarcopenia adults in which lifestyle changes appears u nprobable, specific enrichement potentialized with physical activity will help in the struggle against sarcopenia. Longitudinal data are lacking, which makes it hard to draw strong conclusions. However, the effects of a physical activity combined with a set of nutrition interventions on sarcopenia seems promising.

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“…Moreover, within a larger-scale ( n = 125) clinical setting, dos Reis et al [19] reported a higher dietary LC n -3 PUFA intake, as measured by two 24-h food recalls conducted 6−10 days apart, to correlate with a lower risk of sarcopenia in kidney transplant patients, with this association driven by appendicular lean mass but not strength or physical function. Interestingly, a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies reported an inverse relationship between high dietary LC n -3 PUFA intake and reduced prevalence of sarcopenia [20]. However, given that cohort studies do not infer causality, an exploration of RCTs is required.…”

Section: Cohort Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the management of age- and disease-related declines in skeletal muscle mass, strength and physical function

Phillips,

Gray,

Combet

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of review This review uses the hierarchy of evidence as a framework to critically evaluate the effect of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3 PUFA) ingestion alone, or as an adjunctive intervention to resistance training, on muscle health-related outcomes in healthy and clinical older adult populations. Recent findings Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials consistently report small, but clinically-relevant, effects of LCn-3 PUFA ingestion on strength outcomes, whereas mixed findings have been reported regarding changes in muscle mass and physical function. Cohort studies indicate an association between higher dietary LCn-3 PUFA intake and reduced likelihood of a sarcopenia diagnosis. Acute metabolic studies provide limited evidence for an effect of LCn-3 PUFA ingestion alone, or in combination with resistance training, on free-living integrated rates of MPS, static markers of muscle protein breakdown, or satellite cell activation in healthy older adults. Summary Recent data supports the efficacy of LCn-3 PUFA ingestion to facilitate small, but clinically relevant, improvements in muscle strength in healthy and clinical older adult populations. The mechanism(s) that underpin the action of LCn-3 PUFA in promoting strength outcomes remain unknown, but likely relate to neuromuscular function.

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Relationship Between Dietary Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Level and Sarcopenia. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Nutritional interventions as modulators of the disease activity for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a scoping review

Nutritional interventions as modulators of the disease activity for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a scoping review

Novel dietary strategies to manage sarcopenia

Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the management of age- and disease-related declines in skeletal muscle mass, strength and physical function

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