Dietary organic acid salts mitigate plant protein induced inflammatory response and improve humoral immunity, antioxidative status and digestive enzyme activities in yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus

Abstract

An eight‐week research was conducted to investigate the effects of single or combined administration of sodium propionate (Na‐P) and sodium acetate (Na‐A) on the performance of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) juveniles (6.5 ± 0.3 g). A plant protein (PP)‐rich diet was supplemented with sole or blends of organic acid salts (OAS) namely Na‐P and Na‐A to design six experimental feeds including control (without OAS), Na‐P5 (5 g/kg Na‐P), Na‐P10 (10 g/kg Na‐P), Na‐A5 (5 g/kg Na‐A), Na‐A10 (10 g/kg Na‐A) and Na‐P + A (5 g/kg Na‐P + 5 g/kg Na‐A). Except for Na‐A5 group, the other OAS‐supplemented treatments had higher growth and feed efficiency ratio than the control (p < .05). The inclusion of OAS in the experimental feeds pronouncedly enhanced plasma lysozyme and alternative complement pathway activities compared to the control. Furthermore, fish fed on the OAS‐supplemented diets had greater catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the liver than the control (p < .05). Total antioxidant capacity in the liver of fish fed on the OAS‐supplemented diet also was higher than the control. Fish fed on the OAS‐supplemented diets had higher pepsin, trypsin and lipase activities than the control. The insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) gene expression was remarkably down‐regulated in the liver of fish fed on the OAS‐supplemented diets compared to the control especially in groups fed on the Na‐P10 and Na‐A10 diets. The greatest IGF‐1 gene down‐regulation level in the gut was in fish fed on the Na‐P5 and Na‐P10 diets. The interleukine‐1β in the gut was remarkably up‐regulated in the control compared to the other groups (p < .05). The lactic acid bacterial colonies count in the gut of the control was lower than the OAS‐supplemented groups. Based on the findings of the present study, supplementing PP‐rich diets with 10 g/kg Na‐P or blends of Na‐P (5 g/kg) and Na‐A (5 g/kg) beneficially alleviated inflammatory responses and improved immune parameters and digestive capacity in yellowfin seabream juveniles.

Effects of dietary compound acidifiers supplementation on growth performance and intestinal health of juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata) cultured in cement tanks

“…Similar to the present results, the supplementation with 3 g/kg of CAs (main components are formic acid, lactic acid and citric acid) significantly increased the FFW and production of Nile tilapia (Abdel-Tawwab et al, 2019), striped mullet (Abdel-Tawwab et al, 2019) and African catfish (Abdel-Tawwab et al, 2019). Additionally, the optimal levels based on WGR or SGR of CAs promoting growth effects were 2 g/kg (main components are formic acid, propionic acid and calcium propionate) in Nile tilapia (Reda et al, 2016) and 10 g/kg (main components are sodium propionate and sodium acetate) in yellowfin seabream fed high plant protein diet (Sotoudeh et al, 2020). However, dietary 5 g/kg CAs (main components are ammonium formate, formic acid, vegetable fatty acids, propionic acid and acetic acid) supplementation showed no significant effect on FFW and WGR with SR increased significantly of Nile tilapia (Addam et al, 2019).…”

“…The higher protease activity in CAs group may be due to reduce and stabilize stomach pH by the acidifiers, which could increase pepsinogen synthesis or facilitate the conversion of it to pepsin. The higher pepsin level might increase protein hydrolysis products and stimulate the secretion of more proteases of the intestine (Rodjan et al, 2018;Sotoudeh et al, 2020). Lowering of gastrointestinal pH may also trigger the secretion of secretin or induce the release of cholecystokinin, which can provoke pancreatic secretions including digestive enzymes (Castillo et al, 2014;Ahmadniaye et al, 2020;Sotoudeh et al, 2020).…”

“…The higher pepsin level might increase protein hydrolysis products and stimulate the secretion of more proteases of the intestine (Rodjan et al, 2018;Sotoudeh et al, 2020). Lowering of gastrointestinal pH may also trigger the secretion of secretin or induce the release of cholecystokinin, which can provoke pancreatic secretions including digestive enzymes (Castillo et al, 2014;Ahmadniaye et al, 2020;Sotoudeh et al, 2020). In addition, dietary administration of acidifiers may modulate the propagation and colonization of some beneficial bacteria to produce digestive enzymes in the fish gut (Rodjan et al, 2018;Sotoudeh et al, 2020).…”

EDTA detoxifies heavy metals on exposed beluga ( Huso huso ) with pollution stress: Growth performance, immunohaematology, blood biochemistry and antioxidant activity

“…One of the well‐investigated dietary manipulations is supplementing organic acids to fish diets (see reviews (Abdel‐Latif et al, 2020; Ng & Koh, 2017). Some studies investigated the effect of organic acid on the growth performance of beluga ( Huso huso ) (Matani Bour et al, 2018), rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) (Li et al, 2017; Pandey & Satoh, 2008), tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) (Addam et al, 2019), red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus ) (Mendoza Rodriguez et al, 2017), Caspian brown trout ( Salmo trutta caspius ) (Mohammadian et al, 2020) and yellowfin seabream ( Acanthopagrus latus ) (Sotoudeh et al, 2020). These supplements can improve fish health against heavy metals toxicity and/or adsorb heavy metals and facilitate their release from the fish body (Abdel‐Tawwab et al, 2017).…”

The effects of concurrent of citric acid and soybean‐based diets on growth performance, body composition, haemobiochemical indices, digestibility and fatty acid profile in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

“…These compounds comprise short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; C 1 -C 7 ), weak carboxylic acid, and volatile fatty acids that influence on fish immune response (Ng & Koh, 2017;Safari et al, 2016), increasing mineral bioavailability in the intestine (Khajepour & Hosseini, 2012a), decreasing the chyme's acidity in the alimentary tract and excite the pepsin activity, thereby increasing growth efficiency (Kalantarian et al, 2020;Matani Bour et al, 2018;Mohammadian et al, 2020;Sotoudeh et al, 2020), prevents the growth of Gram-negative bacteria (Lückstädt, 2008;Matani Bour et al, 2018), antioxidant fortification (Zhang et al, 2016), modulate the balances in the intestine microbiota, alleviate intestinal oxidative damage (Chen et al, 2018), alleviated the intestinal inflammation (Li et al, 2020) and pathogen growth promotants (Ng & Koh, 2017) in numerous fish species.…”