Dietary lipids and forages interactions 
on cow and goat milk fatty acid composition 
and sensory properties

Chilliard, Yves; Ferlay, Anne

doi:10.1051/rnd:2004052

Cited by 389 publications

(398 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(93 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

328

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Fat is an important component contributing to the processing attributes and organoleptic properties of milk and dairy products from ruminants (Palmquist et al, 1993;Chilliard and Ferlay, 2004). During recent decades, increasing emphasis has been placed on the contribution of ruminantderived foods on the development or prevention of chronic human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Shingfield

Bernard

Leroux

et al. 2010

Animal

327

427

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fat is an important constituent contributing to the organoleptic, processing and physical properties of ruminant milk. Understanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk energy secretion and improve the energy balance of lactating ruminants. Nutrition is the major environmental factor regulating the concentration and composition of fat in ruminant milk. Feeding low-fibre/high-starch diets and/or lipid supplements rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine, typically increase milk fat secretion in the caprine, whereas limited data in sheep suggest that the responses are more similar to the goat than the cow. Following the observation that reductions in milk fat synthesis during diet-induced MFD are associated with increases in the concentration of specific trans fatty acids in milk, the biohydrogenation theory of MFD was proposed, which attributes the causal mechanism to altered ruminal lipid metabolism leading to increased formation of specific biohydrogenation intermediates that exert anti-lipogenic effects. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is the only biohydrogenation intermediate to have been infused at the abomasum over a range of experimental doses (1.25 to 14.0 g/day) and shown unequivocally to inhibit milk fat synthesis in ruminants. However, increases in ruminal trans-10, cis-12 CLA formation do not explain entirely diet-induced MFD, suggesting that other biohydrogenation intermediates and/or other mechanisms may also be involved. Experiments involving abomasal infusions (g/day) in lactating cows have provided evidence that cis-10, trans-12 CLA (1.2), trans-9, cis-11 CLA (5.0) and trans-10 18:1 (92.1) may also exert anti-lipogenic effects. Use of molecular-based approaches have demonstrated that mammary abundance of transcripts encoding for key lipogenic genes are reduced during MFD in the bovine, changes that are accompanied by decrease in sterol response element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and alterations in the expression of genes related to the SREBP1 pathway. Recent studies indicate that transcription of one or more adipogenic genes is increased in subcutaneous adipose tissue in cows during acute or chronic MFD. Feeding diets of similar composition do not induce MFD or substantially alter mammary lipogenic gene expression in the goat. The available data suggests that variation in mammary fatty acid secretion and lipogenic responses to changes in diet composition between ruminants reflect inherent interspecies differences in ruminal lipid metabolism and mammary specific regulation of cellular processes and key lipogenic enzymes involved in the synthesis of milk fat triacylglycerides.Keywords: milk fat, trans fatty acids, gene expression, lipogenesis, ruminants ImplicationsUnderstanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk-energ...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Shingfield

Bernard

Leroux

et al. 2010

Animal

327

427

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, research on the effects of adding FE on fatty acids composition of beef meat has been limited. It is well known that the composition of ruminant meat and milk lipids differ markedly from those of non-ruminants, and those distinctive lipid compositions are due to the microbial transformations in the rumen (Chilliard and Ferlay, 2004;Shingfield et al, 2013). Although the reason for improvements in feed digestion due to added FE is multifaceted, increasing ruminal microbial activity is one proposed mode of action (McAllister et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of wheat dried distillers grains and enzyme supplementation on growth rates, feed conversion ratio and beef fatty acid profile in feedlot steers

Zhao

et al. 2015

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the effect of wheat dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) inclusion, and (2) dietary feed enzyme (FE; Econase XT) supplementation in a finishing diet containing wheat DDGS on fatty acid profile of the pars costalis diaphragmatis muscle of beef cattle. A total of 160 crossbred yearling steers with initial BW of 495 ± 38 kg were blocked by BW and randomized into 16 pens (10 head/pen). The pens were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: (1) control (CON; 10% barley silage and 90% barley grain-based concentrate, dry matter (DM) basis); (2) diet containing 30% wheat DDGS in place of barley grain without FE (WDG); (3) WDG diet supplemented with low FE (WDGL; 1 ml FE/kg DM); and (4) WDG diet supplemented with high FE (2 ml FE/kg DM). The pars costalis diaphragmatis muscle samples were collected from cattle at slaughter at the end of the finishing period (120 days) with a targeted live weight of 650 kg. No differences in organic matter intake, final BW and average daily gain were observed among treatments. However, steers fed WDG had greater (P < 0.01) feed conversion ratio than those fed CON, and increasing FE application in wheat DDGS-based diets tended (P < 0.10) to linearly decrease feed conversion ratio. In assessing the effects of including WDG diets without FE, concentration of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in muscle tended to be greater (P < 0.10) for steers fed WDG than steers fed CON. In addition, inclusion of wheat DDGS into the diet increased (P < 0.05) concentration of CLA and vaccenic acid (VA) in muscle and also resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA compared with that from steers fed CON diet. Increasing FE application in wheat DDGS-based diets did not modify the concentrations of individual or total fatty acids. These results suggest that inclusion of wheat DDGS in finishing diets may improve fatty acid profile of beef muscle which could benefit human health.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The small amounts of branched-chain FAs that are found in ruminant milk are caused by the same microorganisms [4]. The FA composition in milk from mammals is linked to several factors such as animal breed, genotype, lactation and pregnancy stages and environmental factors [5].To develop sensitive methods for the determination of the FA composition in different foods is a task of great importance, mainly because of the nutritional relevance of FAs in human health. There are several ways to accomplish this.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A GC – magnetic sector MS method for identification and quantification of fatty acids in ewe milk by different acquisition modes

Devle

Rukke

Næss-Andresen

et al. 2009

J of Separation Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A general method for qualitative and quantitative determination of fatty acids (FAs) using GC-MS was developed and tested on ewe milk. A total number of 38 poly unsaturated FAs, monounsaturated FAs and saturated FAs, from C6:0 to C24:1, were used in a comparative study of scan, reconstructed ion chromatogram and SIM. Fatty acid methyl esters in standard solutions as well as in milk from ewe were analyzed by these techniques, using a sector instrument. Instrument precision, linearity, LOD and LOQ, as well as calibration behavior and response factors were investigated for each approach. The quantitative results obtained by each technique were compared. All techniques had values for LOD and LOQ in the ng/mL region. IntroductionLipids are a large group of compounds that are important constituents in all plant and animal tissue. Together with carbohydrates and proteins, they constitute the principal structural components of all living cells. Triglycerides are storage lipids and they are commonly called fats and oils [1,2]. The most commonly occurring fatty acids (FAs) in plant and animal tissues are monocarboxylic acids with even numbers of carbon atoms in straight chains. The term ''essential FAs'' is used on FAs, which have vital importance for biological functions, and cannot be synthesized in human tissues. Essential FAs must be included in the diet. Linoleic acid (C18:2n-6c) and linolenic acid (C18:3n-3c) are such components. They are precursors for other FAs formed by chain-elongation and desaturation, for example arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6c), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3c), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3c), also known as ARA, EPA and DHA, respectively. Long-chained n-3 FAs are said to have protective effects against hypertension, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, vascular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, inflammatory conditions, immune dysfunction, insulin resistance, bone loss, neurodegenerative diseases of aging and some cancers [3]. A high proportion of short-chain FAs is characteristic for the milk fat of ruminants. This is caused by anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrates by the microorganisms in the rumen. The small amounts of branched-chain FAs that are found in ruminant milk are caused by the same microorganisms [4]. The FA composition in milk from mammals is linked to several factors such as animal breed, genotype, lactation and pregnancy stages and environmental factors [5].To develop sensitive methods for the determination of the FA composition in different foods is a task of great importance, mainly because of the nutritional relevance of FAs in human health. There are several ways to accomplish this. One way is to extract the lipids with proper solvents, convert the lipids into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and separate them using a GC coupled to a detector. The by far most common detector in the analysis of FAMEs has been the flame ionization detector [6,7]. The complexity of biological samples limits the usefulness of this detector, since the only inf...

show abstract

Dietary lipids and forages interactions on cow and goat milk fatty acid composition and sensory properties

Cited by 389 publications

References 74 publications

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Effect of wheat dried distillers grains and enzyme supplementation on growth rates, feed conversion ratio and beef fatty acid profile in feedlot steers

A GC – magnetic sector MS method for identification and quantification of fatty acids in ewe milk by different acquisition modes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About