Dietary intake of boiled breadfruit (Treculia africana) seeds did not improve hyperglycemia in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats: Effect on the oral glucose tolerance of normoglycemic rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem that is causing problems for humans around the world and becoming increasingly prevalent at an alarming rate (Aloulou et al., 2012), including amongst the rural Nigerian population. The inability of modern treatments to control all the pathophysiological aspects of diabetes, as well as the enormous cost it imposes on the economy of the developing nations of the world, ABSTRACTBackground. Although African breadfruit (Treculia africana) is said to be useful in the dietary management of diabetes, the effect of cooking on its glycemic index has not been reported. Hence this study has investigated the effect of a dietary intake of boiled breadfruit on the serum glucose, glucose tolerance, body weights and relative organ weights of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods. Twenty albino rats were used and were divided into four groups of five rats. Groups 1 (normal control) and 2 (diabetic control) received standard rat pellets while groups 3 (diabetic-test group) and 4 (non-diabetic) rats received breadfruit. Results. The blood glucose of the normoglycemic rats fed standard rat feeds peaked at 30 min (149.75 ±11.12 mg/dl) following oral glucose loading (3 g/kg) but reduced to 85.25 ±21.05 mg/dl after another 90 min, while the blood glucose of the normoglycemic rats fed breadfruit peaked at 30 min (146.25 ±15.22 mg/dl) following oral glucose loading, but elevated (130.75 ±36.69 mg/dl) after another 90 min. There was significant elevation (P < 0.05) of the serum glucose, relative liver weight (RLW) and relative kidney weight (RKW) but a significant decrease in the body weights of the diabetic control compared with the normal control; no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the serum glucose, body weights, RLW and RKW of the test group compared with the diabetic control, and no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the serum glucose, body weights, RLW and RKW of the normal rats fed the breadfruit diet compared to the normal control. Conclusion. The study showed that the traditional method of cooking African breadfruit negatively affects its hypoglycemic property.

Effect of ethanol extract of boiled breadfruit (Treculia Africana) seed on the oral glucose tolerance, lipid profile, and body weight of normoglycemic albino rats

“…Although the study by Ajiboye et al. () on T. africana fruit/seed suggested its beneficial use in the management of diabetes mellitus, our study (Eleazu et al., ) on processed T. africana seed gave contrary results, although the duration of our study was short. Furthermore, information on the effect of consumption of processed T. africana seed on the lipid profile of humans or animals is missing in literature.…”

“…These findings suggest that boiling of T. africana seed impacts it with a high glycemic index. In our previous study (Eleazu et al., ), we reported that dietary intake of boiled T. africana seeds did not improve hyperglycemia in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Therefore, findings of this study suggests that the normal glucose tolerance in the groups 1 and 2 rats following oral glucose loading could be a result of the beta cells of the pancreas of the animals being able to release insulin, enhancing uptake of glucose in the insulin‐responsive tissues and not necessarily as a result of the extracts they were administered.…”

“…Therefore, findings of this study suggests that the normal glucose tolerance in the groups 1 and 2 rats following oral glucose loading could be a result of the beta cells of the pancreas of the animals being able to release insulin, enhancing uptake of glucose in the insulin‐responsive tissues and not necessarily as a result of the extracts they were administered. This is further buttressed by the inability of this plant to ameliorate the impaired glucose tolerance of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats as previously reported (Eleazu et al., ) and by the observed normal glucose tolerance in the control group following oral glucose loading. This finding leads us to suggest that consumption of T. africana by a nondiabetic subject may have no effect on the glucose tolerance of the individual, while it will negatively impact on the glycemic status of a diabetic subject.…”

“…The OGTT is a good and cheap measure of insulin secretion, sensitivity, and glucose uptake (Rhee et al., ). The test measures an individual's ability to utilize ingested glucose over a given period of time (Achi et al., ; Eleazu et al., ; Olorunfemi et al., ).…”

Efficacy of Citrus maxima fruit segment supplemented paranthas in STZ induced diabetic rats

“…The increased uptake of factors like glycogen accumulation, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis are the main attributed for kidney enlargement in diabetic rats (Teoh et al., 2010). In case of increase in the liver weight, the absence of insulin production in diabetic group causes increased mobilization of fatty acids from the adipose tissue which gets accumulated in the liver and increases the weight of the organ (Eleazu et al., 2017). These results conforms that the treated diabetic groups had shown nontoxicity and had successfully prevented the enlargement of the organs in diabetic condition.…”