The study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Citrus maxima (Pomelo) fruit segments fortified paranthas compared to pomelo juice and naringin in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. The animals were divided into nine groups, Groups 1 to 3: negative control; Group 4: diabetic control; Groups 5 through 8: treatments with pomelo juice, naringin, plain paranthas, and pomelo supplemented paranthas; and Group 9 was positive control metformin. The groups were monitored for weight, oral glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, bioavailability, biochemical parameters, and histopathological studies. Based on the result the group treated with paranthas fortified with pomelo fruit segment (Group 8) showed 19% of overall weight gain, approximately 50% reduction in plasma glucose level and improved serum protein (5.70 g/dl) and serum insulin (8.54 ng/ml) level as compared against diabetic control. The treatments had effectively lowered the level of liver enzyme and lipids (except HDL) in the serum along with the improved renal function. The group treated with pomelo juice and pomelo supplemented paranthas exhibited marked tolerance to the glucose and insulin similar to the positive control. Therefore, the antidiabetic activity was found to be more pronounced in the order of pomelo juice > fortified paranthas > naringin. Since pomelo juice is bitter and astringent in nature, the fruit can be better utilized in the form of fortified paranthas, which exerts antidiabetic effect similar to the positive control metformin. Hence, paranthas supplemented with pomelo fruit segments (bioactives‐rich) aids in the reducing the risk of diabetes and can be recommended to gain nutritional benefits for normal and diabetic populations.

The objective of the study is to determine the antibiotic resistance (AR) of bacteria in the presence of arsenic (As). AR profile was estimated by growth curve analysis and its morphological alterations were recorded using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Preliminary screening of the isolates revealed that PS-6 showed the highest As resistances at 1,000 mg l −1 concentration which was identified as Bacillus licheniformis using 16S RNA analysis. In the bacterium-As-antibiotic interaction, the culture showed sensitivity toward antibiotics in the initial phase but after treatment with inorganic As (V) at 50 mg/l, the bacterium developed resistance toward antibiotics like ampicillin, erythromycin, and methicillin with 38%, 30%, and 91%, respectively. In case of Chloramphenicol (C) and Kanamycin (K), a non-significant difference in the zone of clearance was observed indicating a reduction in the bacterial growth in the presence of erythromycin, whereas in the presence of As it increased. FESEM analysis showed clumping and aggregation in As-treated and Aserythromycin-treated cells denoting the AR. These results eventually state that the bacterium exhibit an adaptive mechanism to overcome antibiotic stress influenced by As, which opens a new window in understanding the role of metalloids in AR and its adaptive pathway.