Dietary intake of aflatoxins in the adult Malaysian population – an assessment of risk

Chin, Cheow Keat; Abdullah, Aminah; Sugita-Konishi, Yoshiko

doi:10.1080/19393210.2012.713028

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This approach was adopted to assess the dietary exposure to different mycotoxins by several previous studies in Brazil, Spain, Japan, Malaysia [25,28,30,32,53]. In this study, the juice frequency questionnaire (online and paper based) was chosen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same author in another survey, El-Sawi in 2006, estimated the PDI of AFB 1 (0.097 ng/kg b.w./day) from corn using the mean values of contaminated samples in the calculations [57]. The mean PDI values of AFB 1 were assessed worldwide: Korea (1.19 and 5.79 ng/kg b.w./day from rice) [27], Malaysia (24.3 to 34.0 ng/kg b.w./day and for total AFs was 28.81 to 58.02 ng/kg b.w./day from 236 individual food composites consisting of 38 different types of foods) [53], Lebanon (0.63–0.66 ng/kg b.w./day from Lebanese diets) [58], Japan (0.003 to 0.004 ng/kg b.w./day, from different 24 foods categories including peanuts) [32], and Brazil (2.3 to 4.1 ng/kg b.w./day of AFs from peanuts for high consumers) [28]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycotoxin Contamination in Sugarcane Grass and Juice: First Report on Detection of Multiple Mycotoxins and Exposure Assessment for Aflatoxins B1 and G1 in Humans

Abdallah

Krska

Sulyok

2016

Toxins

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This study was conducted to investigate the natural co-occurrence of multiple toxic fungal and bacterial metabolites in sugarcane grass and juice intended for human consumption in Upper Egypt. Quantification of the target analytes has been done using the “dilute and shoot” approach followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total number of 29 and 33 different metabolites were detected in 21 sugarcane grass and 40 juice samples, respectively, with a trend of concentrations being higher in grass than in juice. Among the regulated mycotoxins, only aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) were detected. The prevalence of AFB1 was in 48% of grass samples and in 58% of juice with a maximum concentration of 30.6 μg/kg and 2.10 μg/kg, respectively. AFG1 was detected in 10% of grass samples (7.76 μg/kg) and 18% of juice samples (34 μg/kg). Dietary exposure was assessed using a juice frequency questionnaire of adult inhabitants in Assiut City. The assessment revealed different levels of exposure to AFB1 between males and females in winter and summer seasons. The estimated seasonal exposure ranged from 0.20 to 0.40 ng/kg b.w./day in winter and from 0.38 to 0.90 ng/kg b.w./day in summer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin Contamination in Sugarcane Grass and Juice: First Report on Detection of Multiple Mycotoxins and Exposure Assessment for Aflatoxins B1 and G1 in Humans

Abdallah

Krska

Sulyok

2016

Toxins

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“…Developing nations, including most of Africa, Latin and South Americas, and Asia are identified as high risk areas for aflatoxin exposure, leading to aflatoxicosis (Williams et al 2004). There are six predominant aflatoxins, named AFB1, aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), AFM1, and aflatoxin M2 (AFM2) (Garrido et al 2003;Chin et al 2012). In this nomenclature, 'B' and 'G' are used to denote compounds that fluoresce blue or green, respectively, under ultraviolet light.…”

Section: Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary mycotoxins, co-exposure, and carcinogenesis in humans: Short review

Ruyck

Boevre

Huybrechts

et al. 2015

Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research

215

148

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Mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites of fungi, affect global agriculture so prolifically that they are virtually ubiquitous at some concentration in the average human diet. Studies of in vitro and in vivo toxicity are discussed, leading to investigations of co-exposed mycotoxins, as well as carcinogenic effects. Some of the most common and toxicologically significant mycotoxins, such as the aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, patulin, zearalenone, and some ergot alkaloids are outlined. The wide variety of pathogenic mechanisms these compounds employ are shown capable of inducing a complex set of interactions. Of particular note are potential synergisms between mycotoxins with regard to carcinogenic attributable risk, indicating an important field for future study.

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“…Other studies conducted in Brazil, Japan, and Malaysia used food frequency questionnaire to assess the dietary exposure of different mycotoxins (Andrade, de Mello, França, & Caldas, ; Chin, Abdullah, & Sugita‐Konishi, ; Sugita‐Konishi et al, ). In the present study, the probable daily intake (PDI) values vary for aflatoxin and zearalenone in the range between (0.064–0.097 μg/kg) and (0.304–0.380 μg/kg).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal impact and daily intake assessment of mycotoxins in flour, bread, and nixtamalized maize

Kanwal

Mehmood

Shahzad

et al. 2018

Journal of Food Safety

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The temperature and conditions of moisture after harvesting have the most important impact on fungal growth and mycotoxin production. The present study was designed to assess the presence of different mycotoxins in grains of spring and autumn varieties of maize collected from Sahiwal, district Pakistan. A total of 234 samples of maize flour, bread, and nixtamalized flour were analyzed. All samples were found to be contaminated with aflatoxin and zearalenone while ochratoxin was not detected in any sample. Bread showed the reduction in mycotoxins level for autumn and spring season as (55 and 51%) for aflatoxins (AFs) and (84 and 63% for zearalenone (ZEA) for autumn and spring season's samples. Nixtamalization also showed the reduction in mycotoxins level for autumn and spring (73 and 60%) for AFs and (72.9 and 52%) for ZEA for autumn and spring seasons sample. The probable daily intake values for aflatoxin and zearalenone in autumn and spring seasons were in the range between 0.035–0.049 and 0.350–0.336 μg/kg b.w./day. Practical applications The potential presence of mycotoxins in maize is a major health concern for the producers as well as consumers. Mycotoxins presence in food supply chain is result of poor storage condition favoring growth of mold. The mold produces secondary metabolites, mycotoxins. Mycotoxins once become part of maize will be carried out with supply chain. Therefore, monitoring of mycotoxins is necessary to assess their concentration so that food can be made safe for the consumer. Other than quantification of mycotoxins, analysis of mycotoxins behavior toward processing or heat have significant importance for the maize processing industry. This study provides quantification and fate of mycotoxins during processing of maize and nixtamalization. Mycotoxins behavior toward processing will provide relation to their presence and possible reduction.

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Dietary intake of aflatoxins in the adult Malaysian population – an assessment of risk

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Mycotoxin Contamination in Sugarcane Grass and Juice: First Report on Detection of Multiple Mycotoxins and Exposure Assessment for Aflatoxins B1 and G1 in Humans

Mycotoxin Contamination in Sugarcane Grass and Juice: First Report on Detection of Multiple Mycotoxins and Exposure Assessment for Aflatoxins B1 and G1 in Humans

Dietary mycotoxins, co-exposure, and carcinogenesis in humans: Short review

Seasonal impact and daily intake assessment of mycotoxins in flour, bread, and nixtamalized maize

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