Dietary Flaxseed Protects Against Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Inflammation in a Murine Model

BackgroundLung ischemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI) may occur in the region of the affected lung after reperfusion therapy. Inhaled NO may be useful in treating acute and chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) due to the biological effect property of NO.MethodsA PTE canine model was established through selectively embolizing blood clots to an intended right lower lobar pulmonary artery. PaO2/FiO2, the mPAP and PVR were investigated at the time points of 2, 4, 6 hours after inhaled NO. Masson’s trichrome stain, apoptotic pneumocytes and lung sample ultrastructure were also investigated among different groups.ResultsThe PaO2/FiO2 in the Inhaled NO group increased significantly when compared with the Reperfusion group at time points of 4 and 6 hours after reperfusion, mPAP decreased significantly at point of 2 hours and the PVR decreased significantly at point of 6 hours after reperfusion. The amounts of apoptotic type II pneumocytes in the lower lobar lung have negative correlation trend with the arterial blood PaO2/FiO2 in Reperfusion group and Inhaled NO group. Inhaled nitric oxide given at 20 ppm for 6 hours can significantly alleviate the LIRI in the model.ConclusionsDramatic physiological improvements are seen during the therapeutic use of inhaled NO in pulmonary thromboembolism canine model. Inhaled NO may be useful in treating LIRI in acute or chronic PTE by alleviating apoptotic type II pneumocytes. This potential application warrants further investigation.

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“…Therefore, further studies may focus on the molecular interactions among apoptotic factors in LIRI [11,51,52]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of inhaled NO on apoptotic pneumocytes in pulmonary thromboembolism model

Deng

Yang

Lin

et al. 2014

Theor Biol Med Model

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“…Fibre and lignan contents of flaxseed are reported to reduce both the total-and LDLcholesterol levels 18 . Meanwhile, the ALA content of flax oil is suggested to be antiatherogenic because of its antiinflammatory and antiproliferative properties 19,20 . Flaxseed gained further importance following the identification of its antioxidant property, which is essential in blocking oxidative stress, and is believed to be central to the initiation and progression of a majority of chronic diseases 21 23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Favorable Effects of Flaxseed Supplemented Diet on Liver and Kidney Functions in Hypertensive Wistar Rats

Bishri

2013

J. Oleo Sci.

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“…In a separate weight loss control study, amino acids and branched chain amino acids were found to decrease post-RYGB but not after dietary intervention, which suggested the down-regulation of amino acids may contribute to the glucose homeostasis and thus improve the metabolic status (Laferrere et al, 2011). Using a rat RYGB model, we previously characterized the correlation between the metabolic and metagenomic profiles following RYGB surgery (Li et al, 2011). Metabolic effects of surgery included a reduction in levels of TCA cycle intermediates, increased amine production (methylamine, trimethylamine, and putrescine), and increased production of microbial-derived metabolites such as propionate and 5-aminovalerate, or microbial–host co-metabolites (e.g., hippurate, 4-cresyl sulfate, 4-cresyl glucuronide, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, and phenylacetylglycine).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolic effects of surgery included a reduction in levels of TCA cycle intermediates, increased amine production (methylamine, trimethylamine, and putrescine), and increased production of microbial-derived metabolites such as propionate and 5-aminovalerate, or microbial–host co-metabolites (e.g., hippurate, 4-cresyl sulfate, 4-cresyl glucuronide, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, and phenylacetylglycine). These microbial-related metabolites were positively associated with Gammaproteobacteria , particularly, with Enterobacter hormaechei and negatively associated with Clostridia (Li et al, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental bariatric surgery in rats generates a cytotoxic chemical environment in the gut contents

Reshat

et al. 2011

Front. Microbio.

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Bariatric surgery, also known as metabolic surgery, is an effective treatment for morbid obesity, which also offers pronounced metabolic effects including the resolution of type 2 diabetes and a decrease in cardiovascular disease and long-term cancer risk. However, the mechanisms of surgical weight loss and the long-term consequences of bariatric surgery remain unclear. Bariatric surgery has been demonstrated to alter the composition of both the microbiome and the metabolic phenotype. We observed a marked shift toward Gammaproteobacteria, particularly Enterobacter hormaechei, following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in a rat model compared with sham-operated controls. Fecal water from RYGB surgery rats was highly cytotoxic to rodent cells (mouse lymphoma cell line). In contrast, fecal water from sham-operated animals showed no/very low cytotoxicity. This shift in the gross structure of the microbiome correlated with greatly increased cytotoxicity. Urinary phenylacetylglycine and indoxyl sulfate and fecal gamma-aminobutyric acid, putrescine, tyramine, and uracil were found to be inversely correlated with cell survival rate. This profound co-dependent response of mammalian and microbial metabolism to RYGB surgery and the impact on the cytotoxicity of the gut luminal environment suggests that RYGB exerts local and global metabolic effects which may have an influence on long-term cancer risk and cytotoxic load.

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Dietary Flaxseed Protects Against Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Inflammation in a Murine Model

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Beneficial effects of inhaled NO on apoptotic pneumocytes in pulmonary thromboembolism model

Beneficial effects of inhaled NO on apoptotic pneumocytes in pulmonary thromboembolism model

Favorable Effects of Flaxseed Supplemented Diet on Liver and Kidney Functions in Hypertensive Wistar Rats

Experimental bariatric surgery in rats generates a cytotoxic chemical environment in the gut contents

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