Dietary flaxseed prevents radiation-induced oxidative lung damage, inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of thoracic radiation injury

Plant Extracts and Plant-Derived Compounds: Promising Players in Countermeasure Strategy Against Radiological Exposure: A Review

“…Lung OH-proline content ranged from 96.5±7.1 to 110.2±7.7 μg/lung in all irradiated FSfed mouse groups, as compared to 138±10.8μg/lung for mice on 0% FS. This finding corroborated earlier report of Lee et al (2009) on mitigation of radiation-induced fibrosis by FS. The OH-proline data was supported by the fibrotic index and histology of lung tissue which showed significant (p≤0.005) reduction in fibrosis in lungs from irradiated 10% FS-treated mice in comparison to irradiated mice treated with 0% FS diet.…”

“…It was found that a significant increase in ROS generation occurred shortly after radiation (assess by fluorescent imaging), which was diminished in a dose-dependent manner by SDG (p<0.001). In the same study (Lee et al, 2009), it was demonstrated that mice fed with 10% FS as dietary supplementation, 3 weeks before irradiation (a single fraction of 13.5 Gy of X-radiation to the whole thorax) could mitigate oxidative lung injury. In this case, it was further revealed by BALF analysis that white blood cell (WBC) influx and lipid peroxidation was significantly (p=0.001) reduced in irradiated FS-fed mice as compared to irradiated mice fed with control diet.…”

“…Others act against radiation exposure by inducing the expression of Mn-SOD, GSH, CAT, and GPx, the important members of antioxidant defence system (Han et al, 2005;Gottfredsen et al, 2014) or modulate the immune response against radiation exposure Qiu et al, 2008;Pragya et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2014). Additionally, some of these plant extract/plant-derived compounds have also been found to reduce ROS, suppress cytokines, TNF-α and TGF-β1, thereby reducing the OH-proline level (the fibrotic index) in radiation-induced lung tissue (Han et al, 2006;Xie et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2010;Flechsig et al, 2010;Qiu et al, 2011;Gorshkova et al, 2012;Cho et al, 2013;Ding et al, 2013;Horton et al, 2013). Therefore, in general, the plant extracts/plant-derived compounds might act, either by suppressing some of these radiationinduced proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators of inflammatory response such as TNF-α, which in turn can induce the antioxidant defence system, or might activate the antioxidant defence system directly, in response to radiation exposure.…”

“…The initial phase of radiationinduced injury is marked by the increase in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and several other members of interleukin (IL) family (Linard et al, 2004;Fliedner et al, 2005;Kong et al, 2005;Mehta, 2005;Fleckenstein et al, 2007;Haston et al, 2007;Rodemann and Blaese 2007;Jindal et al, 2009;Hei et al, 2011;Janko et al, 2012;Monceau et al, 2013). The hallmark late effect of radiation exposure in several experimental animals is fibrosis, which is often permanent (Han et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2009;Flechsig et al, 2010;Qiu et al, 2011;Gorshkova et al, 2012;Cho et al, 2013;Ding et al, 2013;Horton et al, 2013). A number of chemical agents showed mitigation to radiation-induced injuries in animal models (Gandhi and Nair, 2004;Parihar et al, 2007;Thotala et al, 2009;Brown et al, 2010;Gao et al, 2012;Kma et al, 2012;Peebles et al, 2012;Alok et al, 2013;Copp et al, 2013).…”

“…Antioxidant action of FS was evaluated in PMVEC, isolated from murine lungs (Lee et al, 2009). It was grown to confluence on culture dishes and treated with increasing concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 10 and 25 μM) of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), isolated from FS.…”