Dietary Fiber, Weight Gain, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Young Adults

Ludwig, David S.; Pereira, Mark A.; Kroenke, Candyce H.; Hilner, Joan E.; Horn, Linda Van; Slattery, Martha L.; Jacobs, David R.

doi:10.1001/jama.282.16.1539

Cited by 620 publications

(414 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Evidence that dietary fibre intake prevents obesity is strong. Fibre intake is inversely associated with body weight and body fat (31)(32)(33) . In a prospective cohort study among US female nurses, Liu et al (32) found that women in the highest quintile of dietary fibre intake had a 49 % lower risk of major weight gain than did women in the lowest quintile, which suggested weight gain was inversely associated with the intake of high-fibre, wholegrain foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns are associated with weight gain in newlyweds: findings from a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

Zhang

Tan

Xuan

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The present study aimed to characterize the dietary patterns of newlyweds married within one year and to examine the factors associated with weight changes. Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2009. Setting: Baoshan District, Shanghai, China. Subjects: A total of 342 pairs of newlyweds were recruited at their first visit. Weight and height were measured and food intake was measured based on an FFQ with forty-nine items. Dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis, and the factors associated with weight changes were determined by multiple regression models. Results: Average weight gain of the participants during marital transition was 1?9 kg (2?2 kg for men and 1?6 kg for women). Four major dietary patterns were identified: vegetable pattern, sweets and fats pattern, legume pattern and poultry, beef and mutton pattern. In multivariate analyses, the highest quintile of factor 2 (sweets and fats pattern) was significantly associated with weight gain after marriage in a comparison with the lowest quintile (b 5 2?94; 95 % CI 0?75, 5?15; P 5 0?01) in men. The highest quintile of factor 4 (poultry, beef and mutton pattern) was inversely associated with weight gain after marriage in a comparison with the lowest quintile (b 5 21?21; 95 % CI 22?32, 20?11; P 5 0?03). Conclusions: Our results suggest that a pattern rich in sugar, oil and condiments may lead to greater marital weight gain in men; another pattern rich in poultry, beef and mutton may lead to less marital weight gain in both men and women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns are associated with weight gain in newlyweds: findings from a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

Zhang

Tan

Xuan

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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“…High prevalence of not only undernutrition, but also overweight and obesity have been reported in old people McCormack, 1997;Ritchie et al, 1997;Jensen & Rogers, 1998;Millen et al, 2001;Jensen & Friedmann, 2002). Ludwig et al, 1999;La Vecchia et al, 2001, Hu & Willett, 2002. Since the prevalence of these diseases is much higher in older age groups, nutrition is, thus, of special importance in late life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dietary habits and physical activity modification with age

et al. 2004

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyse the relation between age and both dietary habits and leisure-time physical activity, and to determine nutrient inadequacy of aged groups in our population. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A random sample of the 25-74-y-old population of Gerona, Spain. Subjects: A total of 838 men and 910 women were selected from among the general population according to the 1991 census. Outcome measures: Analysis of dietary habits, including amount and type of alcohol consumption, and detailed evaluation of leisure-time physical activity. Results: Nutrient densities of carbohydrates, vitamin B 1 , vitamin B 12 , vitamin C, vitamin E, folate, potassium, iron, magnesium, copper, and dietary fiber increased significantly (Po0.05) with age in both genders, whereas an inverse trend was observed for total fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and sodium. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a direct association of healthy dietary habits, characterized through a composite dietary score, with age after adjusting for several confounders both in men and women (Po0.001). This score was composed of folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, b-carotene, dietary fibre, cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, and sodium. In all, 29 and 10% of male and female subjects aged 65-74 y, respectively, reported inadequate intakes of six or more of 16 nutrients. Total leisure-time physical activity increased with age in men (Po0.002), and was not different among female age groups. Conclusion: Dietary behaviours and levels of physical activity spent during leisure time indicate a healthy lifestyle of the aged men and women in the present population. Nutrient inadequacy observed in some aged men and women, however, deserves particular intervention of health-care programmes for this growing part of our society.

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“…Dietary fat intake has long been assumed to be a major nutritional contributing factor to obesity, but the results of observational studies have been mixed (Appleby et al , 1998;Ludwig et al, 1999;Stookey, 2001;Sasaki et al, 2003;Spencer et al, 2003;Howarth et al, 2005). Although this inconsistency may be due to selective underestimation of dietary fat intake by obese people (Goris et al, 2000), the potential role of dietary carbohydrate in the development of obesity has thus become an important question, because the intake of another macronutrient, protein, is fairly constant in normal diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fiber intake, dietary glycemic index and load, and body mass index: a cross-sectional study of 3931 Japanese women aged 18–20 years

Murakami

Sasaki²,

Okubo

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: Few observational studies have investigated dietary fiber intake and dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) simultaneously in relation to obesity, particularly in non-Western populations. We examined the associations between dietary fiber intake and dietary GI and GL, and body mass index (BMI) in young Japanese women. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: A total of 3931 female Japanese dietetic students aged 18-20 years from 53 institutions in Japan. Methods: Dietary fiber intake and dietary GI and GL (GI for glucose ¼ 100) were assessed by a validated, self-administered, diet history questionnaire. BMI was calculated from self-reported body weight and height. Results: Mean values of BMI, dietary fiber intake, dietary GI and dietary GL were 21.0 kg/m 2 , 6.5 g/4186 kJ, 65.1 and 82.1/ 4186 kJ, respectively. White rice (GI ¼ 77) was the major contributor to dietary GI and GL (45.8%). After controlling for potential dietary and nondietary confounding factors, dietary fiber intake was negatively correlated with BMI (adjusted mean ¼ 21.1 kg/m 2 in the lowest and 20.7 kg/m 2 in the highest quintiles; P for trend ¼ 0.0007). Conversely, dietary GI and GL were independently positively correlated with BMI (20.8 and 21.2 kg/m 2 ; P for trend ¼ 0.03, and 20.5 and 21.5 kg/m 2 ; P for trend ¼ 0.0005, respectively). Conclusions: Dietary fiber intake showed an independent negative association with BMI, and dietary GI and GL showed an independent positive association with BMI among relatively lean young Japanese women.

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Dietary Fiber, Weight Gain, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Young Adults

Abstract: Fiber consumption predicted insulin levels, weight gain, and other CVD risk factors more strongly than did total or saturated fat consumption. High-fiber diets may protect against obesity and CVD by lowering insulin levels.

Cited by 620 publications

References 34 publications

Dietary patterns are associated with weight gain in newlyweds: findings from a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

Dietary patterns are associated with weight gain in newlyweds: findings from a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

Population dietary habits and physical activity modification with age

Dietary fiber intake, dietary glycemic index and load, and body mass index: a cross-sectional study of 3931 Japanese women aged 18–20 years

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