Dietary Fatty Acids and Microbiota-Brain Communication in Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Marrone, Maria Cristina; Coccurello, Roberto

doi:10.3390/biom10010012

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…They also interfere with cytokine gene expression. As monocytes are the main effector cells of the immune system, long-chain n-3 PUFA influence monocyte/macrophage defensive functions; both EPA and DHA can enhance phagocytic activity and decline chemotaxis of monocytes in humans (40).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Immunity, Represented by Phagocytic Activity

Al-Khalaifah

2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Lately, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have shown substantial importance in human and animal nutrition, especially those of the n-3 group. Development and optimal functioning of the immune system are directed affected by diet. These dietary fatty acids have an important impact on the health and immune competence of various species including human beings. They are essential for the modulation of immune responses in health and disease. Fatty acid composition of immune cells can be modulated by the action of dietary fats and the outcomes in the composition can produce functional effects on reactivity and functioning of immune cells in a short period. There are several mechanisms involved in impacting dietary fatty acids on immune function; however, lipid mediator synthesis from PUFAs is of great importance in terms of inflammation. The objectives of this article are reviewing studies on the impact of PUFA in the diet on phagocytosis of chickens, murine, rats, ruminants, and humans. It also sheds light on the possible mechanism by which this immunomodulation occurs.

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Section: Mechanism Of Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Immunity, Represented by Phagocytic Activity

Al-Khalaifah

2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…It plays many specific functions, including maintenance of structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier [ 9 ], development of the immune system [ 20 ], protection against enteric pathogens [ 21 ] and production of several nutrient-derived metabolites with potential to affect human metabolic function [ 22 ]. For these reasons, the alteration of microbial composition (known as dysbiosis) may lead to a pro-inflammatory state and the development of many pathologies including, gastrointestinal illnesses, metabolic diseases and brain disorders [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Recently, the connection between the brain and gut, the so-called gut–brain axis, has been involved in regulating feeding and appetite, glucose homeostasis and gut motility [ 27 ].…”

Section: Microbiota Immunity and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, microbiota composition can be influenced by numerous external factors, several studies have demonstrated the strong influence of diet and dietary patterns on the structure and function of GM and their effect on health [ 58 ]. For instance, it has been shown that different dietary fatty acids may impact on the microbiota–brain communication to significantly affect the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases [ 23 ]. Likewise, unbalanced diets (mainly Western diets) may induce dysbiosis resulting in increased gut permeability and low-grade inflammation.…”

Section: Microbiota Immunity and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Dietary Flavanols on Microbiota, Immunity and Inflammation in Metabolic Diseases

Martín

Ramos

2021

Nutrients

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Flavanols are natural occurring polyphenols abundant in fruits and vegetables to which have been attributed to beneficial effects on health, and also against metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. These positive properties have been associated to the modulation of different molecular pathways, and importantly, to the regulation of immunological reactions (pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB], inducible enzymes), and the activity of cells of the immune system. In addition, flavanols can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiome in a prebiotic-like manner, resulting in the positive regulation of metabolic pathways and immune responses, and reduction of low-grade chronic inflammation. Moreover, the biotransformation of flavanols by gut bacteria increases their bioavailability generating a number of metabolites with potential to affect human metabolism, including during metabolic diseases. However, the exact mechanisms by which flavanols act on the microbiota and immune system to influence health and disease remain unclear, especially in humans where these connections have been scarcely explored. This review seeks to summarize recent advances on the complex interaction of flavanols with gut microbiota, immunity and inflammation focus on metabolic diseases.

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“…The gut-brain axis is a multimodal communication system that is connected by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, together with hormones that circulate as well as other molecules that regulate the nervous system (Mayer, 2011;Marrone & R, 2019). Recent studies have shown that the function of the gut-brain axis involves intestinal flora and plays a major role in brain and gut communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with Bifidobacteria can suppress Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice

Zhang

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), being a complex disorder, is affected either by genetic or environmental factors or both. It is observed that there is an excessive accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) in the extracellular space of the brain. AD is the first neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, and so far there is no effective treatment. In recent years, many studies have reported that Alzheimer’s disease has a relationship with gut microflora, indicating that regulating gut microbiota could offer therapeutic intervention for AD. This study explored the effect Bifidobacteria has in averting AD. Methods WT and APP/PS1 mice were used for the experiments. The mice were randomly assigned to four groups: WT group, WT + Bi group, AD group (APP/PS1 mouse) and AD + Bi group (Bifidobacteria-treated APP/PS1 mouse). Treatment with Bifidobacteria lasted for 6 months and mice were prepared for immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Thioflavin S staining, Western blotting, PCR and Elisa quantitative assay. Results The results show that after 6 months of treatment with Bifidobacteria signiis to be lesficantly reduces Aβ deposition in cortex and hippocampus of AD mice. The level of insoluble Aβ in the hippocampus and cortex of AD+Bi mice was decreased compared with AD mice. Meanwhile, a significant decrease in the level of soluble Aβ in the cortex of AD+Bi mice but not in the hippocampus was observed. The activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory factors were also determined in this study. From the results, Bifidobacteria inhibited microglial activation and reduced IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and INF-γ release. Altogether, these results implied that Bifidobacteria can alleviate the pathological changes of AD through various effects.

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Dietary Fatty Acids and Microbiota-Brain Communication in Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Cited by 25 publications

References 254 publications

Modulatory Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Immunity, Represented by Phagocytic Activity

Modulatory Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Immunity, Represented by Phagocytic Activity

Impact of Dietary Flavanols on Microbiota, Immunity and Inflammation in Metabolic Diseases

Treatment with Bifidobacteria can suppress Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice

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