Dietary Fatty Acids and Immune Response to Food-Borne Bacterial Infections

Harrison, Lisa M.; Balan, Kannan V.; Babu, Uma S.

doi:10.3390/nu5051801

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…The effects of dietary fatty acids on immune responses to common food-borne bacterial infections in chickens have been reviewed (Harrison, Balan, & Babu, 2013). In contrast with our results, in broilers fed diets with soybean oil, it was observed an increased heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, reduced weights of the bursa of Fabricius and spleen, and reduced antibody titers against ND and IBD viruses (Sadeghi, Mirmohseni, Shawrang, & Aminafshar, 2013).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…In most researches which direct fat sources were used, there are different results in the immune responses. Different types of dietary fatty acids, short-chain or mediumchain polyunsaturated, had variable effects on bacterial clearance and disease outcome through suppression or activation of immune responses (Harrison et al, 2013). Perhaps these different responses are the product of variation in the experimental models, but the widespread differences in the composition of the fatty acids used in these studies can also be attributed to this condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of dietary fat level and source on performance and immune system response of turkeys

Omidi

Mohit

Hossein-Zadeh

2019

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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An experiment was conducted to determine effects of different levels and sources of fats in diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics and immune response of turkeys during four periods (0-21, 22 to 42, 43 to 63 and 64 to 70 days of age). A completely randomized design with five treatments, six replicates and eight B.U.T.6 turkey chickens per replicate was used. Treatments included: Control diet, diet containing 2.5% of soybean oil, diet containing 2.5% fat supplement, diet containing 5% soybean oil, diet containing 5% fat supplement. The results showed that using 5% of soybean oil increased average daily gain of turkeys (89.04 g) throughout the experimental period (0-70 days) compared with the control group (81.11 g; p < 0.05). Treatments containing 2.5 and 5% soybean oil improved feed conversion ratio compared to control group (p < 0.05). Soybean oil at the levels of 2.5 and 5% was led to higher spleen and bursa percentages compared to other treatments, respectively (p < 0.05). The level and source of dietary fat had not significant effect on antibody titer against Newcastle virus vaccine on 42 and 70 days of age (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that supplementing diet with 5% soybean oil improved the performance of turkeys.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary fat level and source on performance and immune system response of turkeys

Omidi

Mohit

Hossein-Zadeh

2019

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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“…Expression of secreted and cytosolic families of the PLA 2 enzymes is one common host defense strategy employed by macrophages to hydrolyze membrane lipids (48,53). These enzymes can act as a bactericidal component and/or simultaneously produce lysolipids which can activate immune cells (54)(55)(56)(57). B. anthracis lethal and edema toxins decrease the expression of the secreted phospholipase sPLA 2 -IIA in alveolar macrophages (56,58,59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Metabolomic Analysis of a Mammalian Host Infected with Bacillus anthracis

2015

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bWhereas DNA provides the information to design life and proteins provide the materials to construct it, the metabolome can be viewed as the physiology that powers it. As such, metabolomics, the field charged with the study of the dynamic small-molecule fluctuations that occur in response to changing biology, is now being used to study the basis of disease. Here, we describe a comprehensive metabolomic analysis of a systemic bacterial infection using Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax disease, as the model pathogen. An organ and blood analysis identified approximately 400 metabolites, including several key classes of lipids involved in inflammation, as being suppressed by B. anthracis. Metabolite changes were detected as early as 1 day postinfection, well before the onset of disease or the spread of bacteria to organs, which testifies to the sensitivity of this methodology. Functional studies using pharmacologic inhibition of host phospholipases support the idea of a role of these key enzymes and lipid mediators in host survival during anthrax disease. Finally, the results are integrated to provide a comprehensive picture of how B. anthracis alters host physiology. Collectively, the results of this study provide a blueprint for using metabolomics as a platform to identify and study novel host-pathogen interactions that shape the outcome of an infection. Metabolomics, a quickly emerging "omics" field in systems biology, is the global analysis of small molecules in a biological sample (1). Since the 1950s, the central dogma of biological information has been the transition from genes to transcript to protein (2). Only recently has the use of high-throughput systems biology been used to study the products of protein activity, the metabolites. The metabolome represents all endogenous and exogenous low-molecular-mass (Ͻ1-kDa) molecules present in a biological state, providing an instantaneous "snapshot" of the cell's metabolic and physiological activity (3). Applications of global metabolomic analysis fall into three broad categories: (i) disease diagnosis, (ii) biomarker and drug discovery, and (iii) study of metabolic pathways and their perturbations due to external factors (1). The analysis of altered metabolites has the potential for discovery of new biomarkers, thus providing the possibility of earlier intervention and insights into the mechanisms of diseases (4).The diagnosis of a bacterial infection encompasses an assessment of clinical symptoms, positive culture of an organism from tissues or blood, and/or reliance on often expensive, outsourced molecular methods (5). Metabolomics provides a unique perspective on bacterial infections as it is able to comprehensively characterize a vast number of metabolic changes in response to a biological perturbation within the host (2). In addition to the potential for biomarker discovery, the metabolic profiles obtained from this analysis can give insight into the identity and nature of molecules involved in the immune response, detect alterations in ho...

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“…Health properties of whole grains (including pigmented rice) have been widely reported [31], and many of which are related to secondary metabolites and fatty acids contents [32,33]. These compounds have effects on bacterial clearance and disease outcomes through various mechanisms [32,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Bran Extracts Inhibit Invasion and Intracellular Replication of Salmonella typhimurium in Mouse and Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Ghazi¹,

Zarei²,

Mapesa³

et al. 2016

Med Aromat Plants

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Dietary rice bran supplementation has been shown to inhibit Salmonella fecal shedding in animals. The aim of this study was to determine if bran extracts from two distinct rice varieties, Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) and Sanhuangzhan-2 (SHZ-2), differentially inhibit Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium invasion and intracellular replication. Rice bran extracts were tested in vitro using mouse small intestine epithelial (MSIE) and intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Fluorescent labeled Salmonella was detected using fluorescence microscopy and culture based methods. Non-targeted metabolomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was performed on LTH and SHZ-2 rice bran extracts. LTH bran extract dose-dependently reduced entry and intracellular replication of Salmonella in both MSIE and IPEC-J2 cells when compared with SHZ-2. The rice bran metabolite profiling revealed significant variations between LTH and SHZ-2. LTH had higher total numbers of metabolites (429) versus SHZ-2 (407), with increased relative abundance of lipids (i.e., galactolipids and phospholipids) and flavonoids compared with SHZ-2. SHZ-2 had higher levels of dipeptides and phenylpropanoids. Distinct metabolite differences between LTH and SHZ-2 revealed rice bran components that may be responsible for blocking Salmonella invasion and intracellular replication. Metabolomics is a powerful phenotyping tool for identifying rice bran compounds with protective effects against pathogens. Future studies may identify the rice genes responsible for these bioactive rice bran metabolites distinguishing LTH from SHZ-2, and enable genetic selection for compounds as traits that offer important health and disease fighting benefits.

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Dietary Fatty Acids and Immune Response to Food-Borne Bacterial Infections

Cited by 43 publications

References 126 publications

Effect of dietary fat level and source on performance and immune system response of turkeys

Effect of dietary fat level and source on performance and immune system response of turkeys

Global Metabolomic Analysis of a Mammalian Host Infected with Bacillus anthracis

Rice Bran Extracts Inhibit Invasion and Intracellular Replication of Salmonella typhimurium in Mouse and Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells

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