Dietary factors in relation to the distribution of duodenal ulcer in India as assessed by studies in rats

Jayaraj, A. P.; Tovey, F I; Clark, C. G.; Hobsley, M

doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.02480.x

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…A lower prevalence of duodenal ulceration has been found in areas where unrefined wheat, soya, certain millets and pulses form a major part of the diet. It has been shown that the lipid fraction obtained from these foods is protective against experimental ulceration in rat models (Jayaraj et al, 1980(Jayaraj et al, , 2000(Jayaraj et al, , 2001. The present studies suggest that the phospholipids and potent minor phytosterols or their esters present in these lipids may be responsible for their protective effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Pyloric ligation was performed as by Shay et al (1945). Groups of rats were fed for 2 weeks on a South Indian diet based on rice or rice plus tapioca (Jayaraj et al, 2000(Jayaraj et al, , 2001. The rice diet is ulcerogenic and the rice plus tapioca even more so.…”

Section: Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In animal peptic ulcer models, unrefined wheat, wheat bran, some millets and pulses are protective (Jayaraj et al , 1980(Jayaraj et al , , 2000(Jayaraj et al , , 2001. Amongst the pulses, Dolichos biflorus (horse gram) showed marked protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Petroleum ether extracts from other protective foods were also shown to give protection in animal peptic ulcer models (Jayaraj et al , 1980(Jayaraj et al , , 2000(Jayaraj et al , , 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Duodenal ulcer prevalence: research into the nature of possible protective dietary lipids

Jayaraj

Tovey

Hobsley

2003

Phytotherapy Research

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The varying geographical prevalence of duodenal ulceration has suggested a relationship to staple diet. Previous experiments on animal peptic ulcer models showed that certain foods, particularly the lipid fraction, are ulceroprotective. This paper reports experiments on animal models further to investigate the nature of the protective substances in the most active lipid, that of horse gram. The free fatty acids and triglycerides, sterols, sterol esters and phospholipids from horse gram were extracted and tested for protective activity on rat peptic ulcer models: the pyloric ligation model which is chronic, involving 14 days pre-feeding, and two acute models using ethanol or cysteamine to induce ulceration. The results showed that sterol esters, but not sterols, were protective in the pyloric ligation model. Sterols were protective in the acute models using ethanol-induced and cysteamine-induced ulceration. Phospholipids were protective in both types of model. The free fatty acids and triglycerides gave no protection using the pyloric ligation model. The presence of sterols, sterol esters and phospholipids in the lipid fraction of foods in staple diets may account for the low prevalence of duodenal ulcer in certain geographical areas, despite a uniformly high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Petroleum ether extracts from other protective foods were also shown to give protection in animal peptic ulcer models (Jayaraj et al , 1980(Jayaraj et al , , 2000(Jayaraj et al , , 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Duodenal ulcer prevalence: research into the nature of possible protective dietary lipids

Jayaraj

Tovey

Hobsley

2003

Phytotherapy Research

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“…There is strong evidence, especially from India, China, Africa and Malaysia, that the prevalence of duodenal ulceration in different geographical regions is related to the traditional staple diet of the area [1-9] and has no relationship to the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection [10-12]. A higher prevalence is found in areas where the staple diet is principally milled rice, refined wheat or maize, yams, cassava, sweet potato or green bananas, and a lower prevalence in areas where the staple diet is based on unrefined wheat or maize, soya, certain millets or certain pulses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Phytosterols Protective Against Peptic Ulceration

et al. 2011

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BackgroundIn developing countries the prevalence of duodenal ulceration is related to the staple diet and not to the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori. Experiments using animal peptic ulcer models show that the lipid fraction in foods from the staple diets of low prevalence areas gives protection against ulceration, including ulceration due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and also promotes healing of ulceration. The lipid from the pulse Dolichos biflorus (Horse gram) was highly active and used for further investigations. Further experiments showed the phospholipids, sterol esters and sterols present in Horse gram lipid were gastroprotective. Dietary phospholipids are known to be protective, but the nature of protective sterols in staple diets is not known. The present research investigates the nature of the protective phytosterols.MethodsSterol fractions were extracted from the lipid in Dolichos biflorus and tested for gastroprotection using the rat ethanol model. The fractions showing protective activity were isolated and identification of the components was investigated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).ResultsThe protective phytosterol fraction was shown to consist of stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and a third as yet unidentified sterol, isomeric with β-sitosterol.ConclusionsDietary changes, affecting the intake of protective phospholipids and phytosterols, may reduce the prevalence of duodenal ulceration in areas of high prevalence and may reduce the incidence of recurrent duodenal ulceration after healing and elimination of Helicobacter pylori infection. A combination of phospholipids and phytosterols, such as found in the lipid fraction of ulceroprotecive foods, may be of value in giving protection against the ulcerogenic effect of NSAIDs.

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Dietary Phosphilipids and Sterols Protective against Peptic Ulceration

Tovey

Bardhan

Hobsley

2012

Phytotherapy Research

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The prevalence of duodenal ulceration in regions of developing countries with a stable diet is related to the staple food(s) in that diet. A higher prevalence occurs in areas where the diet is principally milled rice, refined wheat or maize, yams, cassava, sweet potato or green bananas, and a lower prevalence in areas where the staple diet is based on unrefined wheat or maize, soya, certain millets or certain pulses. Experiments using animal peptic ulcer models showed that the lipid fraction in foods from the staple diets of low prevalence areas gave protection against both gastric and duodenal ulceration, including ulceration due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and also promoted healing of ulceration. The protective activity was found to lie in the phospholipid, sterol and sterol ester fractions of the lipid. Amongst individual phospholipids present in the phospholipid fraction, phosphatidyl ethanolamine (cephalin) and phosphatidyl choline (Lecithin) predominated. The sterol fraction showing activity contained β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and an unidentified isomer of β-sitosterol. The evidence shows that dietary phytosterols and phospholipids, both individually and in combination, have a protective effect on gastroduodenal mucosa. These findings may prove to be important in the prevention and management of duodenal and gastric ulceration including ulceration due to NSAIDs.

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Dietary factors in relation to the distribution of duodenal ulcer in India as assessed by studies in rats

Abstract: These results suggest that the factor of diet may well explain the regional differences in the prevalence of duodenal ulceration between North and South India and China where other etiologic factors are similar.

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Duodenal ulcer prevalence: research into the nature of possible protective dietary lipids

Duodenal ulcer prevalence: research into the nature of possible protective dietary lipids

Dietary Phytosterols Protective Against Peptic Ulceration

Dietary Phosphilipids and Sterols Protective against Peptic Ulceration

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