Dietary Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic

Arsenic relative bioavailability from diet and airborne exposures: Implications for risk assessment

“…Consequently, food surveys have begun to measure iAs in addition to total As (Schoof et al, 1999a(Schoof et al, , 1999bKile et al, 2007;Xue et al, 2010;Fontcuberta et al, 2011;Wong et al, 2013;Oguri et al, 2014). The aim of this review is to examine studies that specifically address in vitro bioaccessibility and/or provide information to assess human in vivo bioavailability of As associated with food intake.…”

“…Freshwater fish and shellfish have lower total As concentrations, but still have less than 10% typically present as iAs. Due to the low proportions of iAs, fish and shellfish do not contribute substantially to dietary iAs intake (Oguri et al, 2014;Schoof et al, 1999aSchoof et al, , 1999bXue et al, 2010). Rice, the major contributor to dietary iAs intake, contains iAs, DMA and MMA in variable proportions (USFDA, 2013).…”

“…Grains, particularly rice, have been identified as a significant contributor to dietary iAs intake in a number of geographical areas including the US, Bangladesh, Spain, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Japan (Schoof et al, 1998(Schoof et al, , 1999a(Schoof et al, , 1999bXue et al, 2010;Kile et al, 2007;Fontcuberta et al, 2011;Wong et al, 2013;Oguri et al, 2014). Several conditions contribute to the presence of variable total and iAs concentrations in raw rice including the cultivar, propagation conditions (wet or dry cultivation; growing season) (Duxbury et al, 2003), concentration of As in the irrigation water, soil conditions (e.g.…”

Contaminants in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from the Salton Sea, California, in relation to human health, piscivorous birds and fish meal production

“…See Table 1 (1997) estimated that the mean daily intake of inorganic As for the U.S. population was 10.22 lg per day. Subsequent estimates of daily dietary intake of inorganic As have ranged from 1 to 20 lg per day (Schoof et al, 1999a, b). Therefore, we used a midpoint daily intake of 10 lg, converted it to 0.00014 mg kg -1 day -1 for a 70 kg adult, and used this as an estimate of the daily dietary intake of inorganic As.…”

Assessing and managing the health risk due to ingestion of inorganic arsenic from fish and shellfish farmed in blackfoot disease areas for general Taiwanese

“…Schoof et al [35,36] and Ysart et al [37] also pointed out that the intake of As from fish and shellfish contributes over 90% of the total dietary As intake. Background information about community public health was provided by the Nutrition and Health Surveys in Taiwan (NAH-SIT) conducted by the Bureau of Food Hygiene, Department of Health (DOH) from 1993 to 1996.…”