Dietary effects on breast-cancer risk in Singapore

Lee, H.P.; Lee, J.; Gourley, L. M.; Duffy, Stephen W.; Day, Nicholas E.; Estève, Jacques

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)92867-2

Cited by 693 publications

(315 citation statements)

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“…In the eight (one cohort, seven case -control) studies with relatively complete assessment of total soy intake, dietary soy exposure was expressed in varying units, including grams of soy foods per day (Lee et al, 1991(Lee et al, , 2005Hirose et al, 2005;Shannon et al, 2005;Do et al, 2007), grams of soy protein per day (Lee et al, 1991;Dai et al, 2001), and milligrams of soy isoflavones per day (Wu et al, 2002;Yamamoto et al, 2003;Hirose et al, 2005). To facilitate comparison between individual studies, all dietary soy exposures were converted to units of milligram of isoflavones assuming that 1 g of soy protein or 10 g of soy food contain 3 mg of isoflavones (Messina et al, 2006;Trock et al, 2006).…”

Section: Risk Association Studies In High-soy-consuming Asiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We calculated ORs associated with soy products (in g) for pre-and postmenopausal women combined in the study by Lee et al (1991); the results in postmenopausal women in this study were published in a 1992 paper. We also calculated ORs for pre-and postmenopausal women combined in Hirose et al (2005).…”

Section: Risk Association Studies In High-soy-consuming Asiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…d Results were not presented by menopausal status in two studies Shannon et al 2005) and they were excluded in this analysis. Do et al (2007) published the data in pre-and postmenopausal women separately in a subsequent paper in 2007. e Results were presented by tertiles (Lee et al, 1991;Hirose et al, 2005), quartiles (Wu et al, 2002;Yamamoto et al, 2003;Lee et al, 2005;Shannon et al, 2005;Do et al, 2007) and deciles ) of soy intake. Risk estimate for moderate intake was calculated using the ORs for deciles 5 and 6 in Dai et al (2001) and the ORs for quartiles 2 and 3 in studies which presented results by quartiles of soy intake.…”

Section: Risk Association Studies In High-soy-consuming Asiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been suggested that soy isoflavones may influence breast cancer risk via their antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties (Gilani and Anderson, 2002). Lee et al (1991) first reported a reduced risk of breast cancer in premenopausal Singapore Chinese women who were high consumers of soy. Since then, there has been tremendous interest in the possible role of soy in the prevention of breast cancer.…”

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Epidemiology of soy exposures and breast cancer risk

et al. 2008

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Most of the early studies published on soy and breast cancer were not designed to test the effect of soy; the assessment of soy intake was usually crude and few potential confounders were considered in the analysis. In this review, we focused on studies with relatively complete assessment of dietary soy exposure in the targeted populations and appropriate consideration for potential confounders in the statistical analysis of study data. Meta-analysis of the 8 (1 cohort, 7 case -control) studies conducted in high-soy-consuming Asians show a significant trend of decreasing risk with increasing soy food intake. Compared to the lowest level of soy food intake (p5 mg isoflavones per day), risk was intermediate (OR ¼ 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 0.78 -0.98) among those with modest (B10 mg isoflavones per day) intake and lowest (OR ¼ 0.71, 95% CI ¼ 0.60 -0.85) among those with high intake (X20 mg isoflavones per day). In contrast, soy intake was unrelated to breast cancer risk in studies conducted in the 11 low-soy-consuming Western populations whose average highest and lowest soy isoflavone intake levels were around 0.8 and 0.15 mg per day, respectively. Thus, the evidence to date, based largely on case -control studies, suggest that soy food intake in the amount consumed in Asian populations may have protective effects against breast cancer.

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Section: Risk Association Studies In High-soy-consuming Asiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Association Studies In High-soy-consuming Asiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Association Studies In High-soy-consuming Asiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of soy exposures and breast cancer risk

et al. 2008

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“…Some case-control studies showed a decrease in breast cancer risk with increased intake of the (pro)vitamins (Katsouyanni et al, 1988;Howe et al, 1990; Graham et al, 1991;Lee et al, 1991;Zaridze et al, 1991) and fibre (Iscovich et al, 1989;Howe et al, 1990;Van 't Veer et al, 1990; Graham et al, 1991;Baghurst and Rohan, 1994), whereas other case-control studies showed the opposite for (pro)vitamins (Toniolo et al, 1989;Ewertz and Gill, 1990;Richardson et al, 1991) and fibre (Katsouyanni et al, 1988;Ingram et al, 1991). Mostly negative non-significant associations between (pro)vitamin intake and the risk of breast cancer have been found in the few prospective cohort studies that have been conducted so far (Paganini-Hill et al, 1987;Graham et al, 1992;Hunter et al, 1993;Rohan et al, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

Vitamins C and E, retinol, beta-carotene and dietary fibre in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study

Verhoeven

Assen²,

Goldbohm³

et al. 1997

Br J Cancer

161

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. A small reduction in risk was also observed with increasing intake of dietary vitamin C (RR highest/lowest quintile = 0.77, 95% Cl 0.55-1.08). For retinol, a weak positive association was observed (RR highest/lowest quintile = 1.24, 95% Cl 0.83-1.83). Among subjects with a high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), both 5-carotene and vitamin C intake showed a non-significant inverse association with breast cancer risk (P-trend = 0.15 and 0.16 respectively). Our findings do not suggest a strong role, if any, for intake of vitamins C and E, 13-carotene, retinol, dietary fibre, vegetables, fruit and potatoes in the aetiology of breast cancer.

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Diet and breast cancer risk. Results from a population-based, case-control study in Sweden

Holmberg¹

1994

Archives of Internal Medicine

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As in most other studies, no strong risk factors for breast cancer have been identified in the current diet. The negative association between breast cancer risk and beta-carotene intake may be supported by a plausible mechanism, but our finding concerning alcohol should be interpreted cautiously since there was no dose-response relationship and the biological mechanism for a threshold effect at very low levels of consumption is unclear.

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Dietary effects on breast-cancer risk in Singapore

Cited by 693 publications

References 14 publications

Epidemiology of soy exposures and breast cancer risk

Epidemiology of soy exposures and breast cancer risk

Vitamins C and E, retinol, beta-carotene and dietary fibre in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study

Diet and breast cancer risk. Results from a population-based, case-control study in Sweden

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