Diet and breast cancer risk. Results from a population-based, case-control study in Sweden

Holmberg, Lars

doi:10.1001/archinte.154.16.1805

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Of ten case-control studies, seven (Graham et al, 1991;Lee et al, 1991;London et al, 1992;Holmberg et al, 1994;Yuan et al, 1995;Freudenheim et al, 1996;Negri et al, 1996) suggest an inverse association with vitamin E intake and three (Toniolo et al, 1989;Gerber et al, 1990;Richardson et al, 1991) report null or positive associations; the results are statistically significant in four (Graham et al, 1991;London et al, 1992;Freudenheim et al, 1996;Negri et al, 1996) of the studies reporting inverse associations. The results from cohort studies are decidedly weaker: of five studies (Graham et al, 1992;Hunter et al, 1993;Rohan et al, 1993;Kushi et al, 1996;Verhoeven et al, 1997), only one (Graham et al, 1992) reports a relative risk of less than 0.90, and this was not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of 18 case-control studies, 14 (LaVecchia et al, 1987;Katsouyanni et al, 1988;Rohan et al, 1988;Iscovich et al, 1989;van 't Veer et al, 1990;Graham et al, 1991;Ingram et al, 1991;Lee et al, 1991;Zaridze et al, 1991;London et al, 1992;Levi et al, 1993;Holmberg et al, 1994;Freudenheim et al, 1996;Negri et al, 1996) observed a reduced risk of breast cancer among those in the highest category of carotenoid intake, whereas four (Marubini et al, 1988;Toniolo et al, 1989;Ewertz and Gill, 1990;Richardson et al, 1991) observed no reduction in risk. Of the inverse associations, six (Graham et al, 1991;Lee et al, 1991;Zaridze et al, 1991;Holmberg et al, 1994;Freudenheim et al, 1996;Negri et al, 1996) were statistically significant. A combined analysis of the data from eight case-control studies reported an odds ratio of 0.85 (P = 0.007) for the highest versus the lowest quintile of carotenoid intake (Howe et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of 13 case-control studies to evaluate vitamin C intake, eight (Iscovich et al, 1989;Graham et al, 1991;Zaridze et al, 1991;Levi et al, 1993;Landa et al, 1994;Yuan et al, 1995;Freudenheim et al, 1996;Negri et al, 1996) report odds ratios of less than 0.8, and five (Graham et al, 1982;Katsouyanni et al, 1988;Toniolo et al, 1989;Ingram et al, 1991;Holmberg et al, 1994) report odds ratios greater than or equal to 1.0. Howe et al (1990), in a combined analysis of the data from nine case-control studies, reported an odds ratio of 0.69 (P<0.0001) for the highest quintile of vitamin C intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamins A, C and E and the risk of breast cancer: results from a case-control study in Greece

et al. 1998

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Although several dietary compounds are hypothesized to have anticarcinogenic properties, the role ofpecific micronutrients in the development of breast cancer remains unclear. To address this issue, we assessed intake of retinol, β-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E in relation to breast cancer risk in a case–control study in Greece. Eight hundrednd twenty women with histologically confirmed breast cancer were compared with 1548 control women. Dietary data were collectedhrough a 115-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Data were modelled by logistic regression, with adjustment forotal energy intake and established breast cancer risk factors, as well as mutual adjustment among the micronutrients. Amongost-menopausal women, there was no association between any of the micronutrients evaluated and risk of breast cancer. Amongremenopausal women, β-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E were each inversely associated with breast cancer risk, but afterutual adjustment among the three nutrients only β-carotene remained significant; the odds ratio (OR) for a one-quintilencrease in β-carotene intake was 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.73–0.97). The inverse association observed with β-carotene intake, however, is slightly weaker than the association previously observed with vegetable intake in these data,aising the possibility that the observed β-carotene effect is accounted for by another component of vegetables. ©1999 Cancer Research Campaign

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamins A, C and E and the risk of breast cancer: results from a case-control study in Greece

et al. 1998

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“…21). For the 12 evaluated case-control studies (9,(159)(160)(161)(162)(163)(164)(165)(166)(167)(168)(169), the mean relative risk for high versus low fruit consumption was 0.66 and the range was 0.09-1.40 (Fig. 22).…”

Section: Breastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit and Vegetables in Cancer Prevention

Vainio¹,

Weiderpass²

2006

Nutrition and Cancer

231

145

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Our aim was to review the epidemiological literature on possible cancer-preventive effects of the consumption of fruits and vegetables in humans, to quantify the effect of high versus low consumption of fruits and vegetables, and to give an overall assessment of the existing evidence. We based our work on an expert meeting conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2003. A qualitative reading and evaluation of relevant articles on the cancer-preventive effect of the consumption of fruits and vegetables was made followed by the calculation of the mean relative risk and range for cohort and case-control studies separately. The possible population-preventable fraction for modifying diet in relation to fruit and vegetable consumption was calculated as well as an overall statement about the degree of evidence for the cancer-preventive effect of fruit and vegetable consumption for each cancer site. There is limited evidence for a cancer-preventive effect of the consumption of fruits and vegetables for cancer of the mouth and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, colon-rectum, larynx, lung, ovary (vegetables only), bladder (fruit only), and kidney. There is inadequate evidence for a cancer-preventive effect of the consumption of fruits and vegetables for all other sites. Applying this range of risk difference to the range of prevalence of low intake, the preventable fraction for low fruit and vegetable intake would fall into the range of 5-12%. It is important to recognize that this is only a crude range of estimates and that the proportion of cancers that might be preventable by increasing fruit and vegetable intake may vary beyond this range for specific cancer sites and across different regions of the world.

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“…A lower threshold value (15 g alcohol day In both of these studies, the relative risk was under 2. On the other hand, no association between alcohol and the risk of breast cancer was found in the New York State Cohort 5,23 and in the Sweden Mammography Cohort 5,24 . It also seems that the strength of the association between alcohol and breast cancer risk decreases with an increase in follow-up time 1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Lifetime alcohol consumption and breast cancer: a case–control study in Finland

Männistö

Virtanen

Kataja

et al. 2000

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To study the association between lifetime alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer. Design and setting: A case-control study carried out in eastern Finland. Information about alcohol consumption was obtained by two methods: a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) including alcohol consumption during the previous 12 months, and a lifetime alcohol consumption questionnaire (AQ) which was administered by the study nurse. Subjects: The study consisted of 301 breast cancer cases (25-75 years old) and 443 population controls. Results:The subjects reported higher current alcohol consumption in the AQ compared to the FFQ. According to the AQ, premenopausal cases consumed on average 28 g and controls 24 g alcohol week; in postmenopausal women the values were 15 and 14 g, respectively. About 30% of premenopausal and 60% of postmenopausal women were classified as non-drinkers. The correlation for current alcohol consumption between the FFQ and the AQ was 0.80 in premenopausal women but only 0.40 in postmenopausal women. Current alcohol consumption seemed to influence the reporting of total lifetime alcohol consumption. Current alcohol consumption was not associated with the risk of breast cancer either in premenopausal or postmenopausal women; neither were associations found between alcohol consumption at age of first use, use before the age of 30, or total lifetime alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer. Conclusions: On average, one to three drinks per week did not increase the risk of breast cancer in this study. Consumption levels were, however, too low to exclude increased risk with high regular consumption. Further research is necessary on lifetime alcohol consumption.

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Diet and breast cancer risk. Results from a population-based, case-control study in Sweden

Cited by 39 publications

References 35 publications

Vitamins A, C and E and the risk of breast cancer: results from a case-control study in Greece

Vitamins A, C and E and the risk of breast cancer: results from a case-control study in Greece

Fruit and Vegetables in Cancer Prevention

Lifetime alcohol consumption and breast cancer: a case–control study in Finland

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