Dietary Effect of Squalene on Lipid Metabolism of Obese/Diabetes KK-&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Mice and Wild-Type C57BL/6J Mice

Liu, Shaokai; Hosokawa, Masashi; Miyashita, Kazuo

doi:10.4236/fns.2018.912108

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These results can be explained, since shark liver oil is an essential source of squalene (Liu et al, 2018), an organic compound presenting a hypocholesterolemic action, able to reduce the levels of LDL. It changes the composition of cell membranes and the lipoproteins and induces an increase in bile and fecal excretions of cholesterol, decreasing the synthesis of VLDL in the liver (Strandberg et al, 1990;Lou-Bonafonte et al, 2012;Chmelik et al, 2013), which could result in the reduction of the cholesterol content in the egg.…”

Section: Total Cholesterolmentioning

confidence: 92%

Shark liver and flaxseed oils as alternatives to soybean oil in the lipid quality of Japanese quail eggs

Meireles

Fonseca²,

Grisi³

et al. 2022

BFJ

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PurposeThe objective of this study was to assess the incorporation of polyunsaturated omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids in the eggs of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed with soybean, flaxseed and shark liver oils, as well as to assess their effects on the chemical composition and lipid quality of the yolks.Design/methodology/approachThe total of 252 units of quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and six replications, totaling 42 experimental design units. The sources of oils and their inclusions in the experimental diet were 2% of soybean oil (S), 2% of flaxseed oil (L) and 2% shark liver oil (T), obtained from the species Carcharhinus acronotus, and the mixtures of 1% S + 1% L (SL); 1% S + 1% T (ST); 1% L + 1% T (LT) and 0.67% S + 0.67% L + 0.67% T (SLT).FindingsThe proximate composition of the egg yolk was not changed to the supplementation of lipid sources added in quail diet. The total replacement of soybean oil by shark liver oil reduced the cholesterol content in the yolk by 19% (T = 282.97 mg cholesterol/100 g egg) and the addition of flaxseed oil produced eggs with greater amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (LS = 18.32%). The treatments with flaxseed oil and its mixtures (soybean oil + flaxseed oil and flaxseed oil + shark liver oil) effectively contributed to reducing the ω-6:ω-3 ratio and enriching the quail eggs with PUFAs, especially linolenic acid (18: 3n3c) and EPA (20: 5n3c).Originality/valueThus, manipulation in the diet of quails enriched the content of essential PUFAs and reduced the cholesterol content in the yolk. The flaxseed oil was the lipid source that influenced to improve the quality of the egg yolk. These results have practical applicability for the quail egg industry.

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Section: Total Cholesterolmentioning

confidence: 92%

Shark liver and flaxseed oils as alternatives to soybean oil in the lipid quality of Japanese quail eggs

Meireles

Fonseca²,

Grisi³

et al. 2022

BFJ

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“…is a rich source of squalene, a naturally occurring triterpenic hydrocarbon ( Senthilkumar and Vijayakumari, 2012 ). Liu et al (2018) demonstrated the effect of squalene on plasma and hepatic lipid levels of obese/diabetic KK-A y mice and wild-type C57BL/6J mice. The administration of squalene was resulted in an increased HDL cholesterol level, an essential anti-atherosclerotic factor, while no significant difference was found in other lipid levels.…”

Section: Pharmacological Actions Of Senna Auriculata (L) Roxbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…auriculata (L.) Roxb has various antidiabetic metabolites which are enlisted in Table 1 . n-hexadecanoic acid, emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione), and squalene are evaluated for their antidiabetic potential and reported with their mechanistic pathways involved in the amelioration of diabetes ( Wang et al, 2006 ; Wang et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2018 ; Tan et al, 2019 ). These metabolites might be responsible for the antihyperglycemic effects of leaves of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb.…”

Section: Pharmacological Actions Of Senna Auriculata (L) Roxbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolated from a plant part squalene are evaluated for their antidiabetic potential and reported with their mechanistic pathways involved in the amelioration of diabetes (Wang et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2018;Tan et al, 2019). These metabolites might be responsible for the antihyperglycemic effects of leaves of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb.…”

Section: Name Of Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Review on Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb.: A Special Insight to Antidiabetic Property

Nille

Mishra²,

Chaudhary

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Avartaki (Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. syn. Cassia auriculata L.; Family- Fabaceae ) is a traditional medicinal plant, widely used for the treatment of various ailments in Ayurveda and Siddha system of medicine in India. Almost all the parts of the plant, such as flowers, leaves, seeds, barks, and roots have been reported for their medicinal uses. Traditionally, it has been used in the treatment of diabetes, asthma, rheumatism, dysentery, skin disease, and metabolic disorders. The principle phytochemicals in Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. are alkaloids, anthraquinone, flavone glycosides, sugar, saponins, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, benzoic acid 2-hydroxyl methyl ester, 1-methyl butyl ester, resorcinol, α-tocopherol-β-D-mannosidase, epicatechin, ferulic acid, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin, proanthocyanidin B1. The extracts from its different parts and their isolated compounds possess a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anticancer, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antipyretic, anthelmintic, immunomodulatory, antifertility, anti-venom, and anti-melanogenesis. The toxicological findings from preclinical studies ensured the safety of the plant, but comprehensive clinical studies are required for the safety and efficacy of the plant in humans. The current review article aimed to provide up-to-date information about Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. covering its ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects with special emphasis on its clinical implications in diabetes.

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“…Gabas-Rivera et al [ 12 ] reported that dietary squalene increased the levels of HDL cholesterol and paraoxonase-1 and decreased total cholesterol levels at a 1 g/kg dose in Apoe-deficient mice. Similarly, Liu et al [ 13 ] showed that the intake of squalene dietary supplements effectively increased HDL levels in obese/diabetic KK-A y mice. These findings were further confirmed by Mirmiranpour et al [ 14 ], who studied the effect of squalene on type 2 diabetic patients, and found that consuming squalene for 84 days caused HDL levels to rise, subsequently lowering total cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL levels in diabetic patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation and Identification of Antidiabetic Compound of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.)’s Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: An earlier study on the hypoglycemic activity of S. polyanthum (Wight.) leaf methanol extract identified squalene as the major chemical compound. The present study was conducted to assess the hypoglycemic effect of fractions and subfractions of the methanol extract of S. polyanthum compared to the squalene using a bioassay-guided in vivo study. (2) Methods: The methanol extract was fractionated using the liquid–liquid fractionation method. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rat was used to study the hypoglycemic effect. (3) Results: The findings showed that chloroform fraction significantly (p < 0.05) lowered blood glucose levels of diabetic rats as compared to the control. Further fractionation of chloroform fraction yielded subfraction-1 and -2, whereby subfraction-1 exhibited a higher blood-glucose-lowering effect. The lipid profile test showed that the total cholesterol level of subfraction-1 and squalene-treated groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). An immunohistochemistry study revealed that none of the treatments regenerated pancreatic β-cells. Gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometer analysis identified the presence of squalene in the active methanol extract, chloroform fraction, and subfraction-1. In silico analysis revealed a higher affinity of squalene against protein receptors that control lipid metabolism than metformin. (4) Conclusions: Data obtained from the present work suggested the crude methanol extract exerted the highest hypoglycemic effect compared to fraction, subfraction, and squalene, confirming synergistic effect may be responsible for the hypoglycemic activity of S. polyanthum.

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Dietary Effect of Squalene on Lipid Metabolism of Obese/Diabetes KK-<i>A<sup>y</sup></i> Mice and Wild-Type C57BL/6J Mice

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Shark liver and flaxseed oils as alternatives to soybean oil in the lipid quality of Japanese quail eggs

Shark liver and flaxseed oils as alternatives to soybean oil in the lipid quality of Japanese quail eggs

Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Review on Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb.: A Special Insight to Antidiabetic Property

Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation and Identification of Antidiabetic Compound of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.)’s Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model

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