Dietary DL‐methionyl‐DL‐methionine supplementation could improve growth performance under low fishmeal strategies by modulating TOR signalling pathway of Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of DL-methionyl-DLmethionine (Met-Met) supplementation in different fishmeal levels on growth performance, antioxidant and immune response of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Eight isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to

Comparative study on the effects of crystalline L-methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue calcium supplementations in the diet of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

“…Although our results indicated no significant changes of rag c even with methionine supplementation, it might be able to activate the expression of other Rag proteins. The stimulatory effect of supplementary methionine on mTOR signaling pathway has been demonstrated in previous studies ( Su et al, 2018 ; Farinha et al, 2021 ; Lu et al, 2021 ).…”

“…When about 50% fishmeal was replaced, the T-CHO in plasma remained constant in the current study, and methionine supplements did not alter the T-CHO levels. Lu et al (2021) suggested that the T-CHO levels appeared to be more closely related to fishmeal levels than methionine in diets. The reduction of T-CHO content in plasma in response to methionine deficiency was observed in L. vannamei when 65% fishmeal was replaced ( Ji et al, 2021 ), while the T-CHO levels of L. vannamei exhibited no alterations when 60% fishmeal was replaced ( Wang et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Thus, reducing the reliance on fishmeal is increasingly inevitable, and plant protein sources are promising alternatives to fishmeal in intensive aquaculture in the view of sustainability, as advocated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ( FAO, 2018 ). Derived from soy, soy protein concentrate has a more reasonable amino acid composition and palatability, as well as fewer anti-nutritional factors, despite the lack of sulfur-containing amino acids ( Cruz-Suárez et al, 2009 ; Bauer et al, 2012 ; Lu et al, 2021 ). Among the sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine is considered as the first limiting essential amino acid (EAA) with biological functions in protein synthesis, transmethylation reactions, synthesis of cysteine and cystine, as well as anti-oxidative ability ( Mastrototaro et al, 2016 ; Lu et al, 2021 ; Zhou et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Derived from soy, soy protein concentrate has a more reasonable amino acid composition and palatability, as well as fewer anti-nutritional factors, despite the lack of sulfur-containing amino acids ( Cruz-Suárez et al, 2009 ; Bauer et al, 2012 ; Lu et al, 2021 ). Among the sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine is considered as the first limiting essential amino acid (EAA) with biological functions in protein synthesis, transmethylation reactions, synthesis of cysteine and cystine, as well as anti-oxidative ability ( Mastrototaro et al, 2016 ; Lu et al, 2021 ; Zhou et al, 2021 ). Studies have demonstrated that methionine deficiency may lead to oxidative stress, liver damage and growth retardation in animals ( Bin et al, 2017 ; Lee et al, 2019 ).…”

Optimal DL-Methionyl-DL-Methionine Supplementation Improved Intestinal Physical Barrier Function by Changing Antioxidant Capacity, Apoptosis and Tight Junction Proteins in the Intestine of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…In this study, we found, for the first time, that optimal Met-Met supplementation enhanced the capacities of T-AOC, AHR, and ASA; the activity of antioxidant enzymes including MnSOD, GPx, GST, GR, and CAT; and GSH content along with decreasing contents of ROS, MDA, and PC in juvenile grass carp intestines, suggesting that optimum Met-Met could increase antioxidant capacity in the fish gut, thereby decreasing oxidant damage. Similarly, optimal levels of Met-Met enhanced T-AOC and decreased MDA content in Nile tilapia liver [ 13 ] and in white leg shrimp plasma [ 15 ], as well as increasing hemolymph T-AOC and decreasing hepatopancreas MDA in Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) [ 26 ]. Interestingly, the present results found that optimum Met-Met supplementation boosted the activity of MnSOD but not CuZnSOD in the intestine.…”