Comparative study on the effects of crystalline L-methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue calcium supplementations in the diet of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Abstract

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of L-methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue calcium (MHA-Ca) supplements in low-fishmeal diet on growth performance, hepatopancreas morphology, protein metabolism, anti-oxidative capacity, and immunity of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were designed: PC (203.3 g/kg fishmeal), NC (100 g/kg fishmeal), MET (100 g/kg fishmeal +3 g/kg L-methionine) and MHA-Ca (100 g/kg fishmeal +3 g/kg MHA-Ca). White shrimp (initial body weight 0.23 ± 0.00 g, 50 shrimp per tank) were allocated to 12 tanks and divided among 4 treatments in triplicates. In response to L-methionine and MHA-Ca supplementations, the shrimp exhibited higher weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), and lower hepatosomatic index (HSI) compared to those fed the NC diet (p < 0.05). The WGR and SGR of shrimp fed L-methionine and MHA-Ca showed no difference with those in the PC diet (p > 0.05). Both of L-methionine and MHA-Ca supplementary diets significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of shrimp when compared with the NC diet (p < 0.05). L-methionine supplementation improved the lysozyme (LZM) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of shrimp, while the MHA-Ca addition elevated the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in comparison with those fed the NC diet (p < 0.05). Hypertrophied blister cells in hepatocytes were observed in shrimp fed the NC diet, and alleviated with L-methionine and MHA-Ca supplementations. Shrimp fed the MET and MHA-Ca diets had higher mRNA expression levels of target of rapamycin (tor) than those fed the NC diet (p < 0.05). Compared to the NC group, dietary MHA-Ca supplementation upregulated the expression level of cysteine dioxygenase (cdo) (p < 0.05), while L-methionine supplementation had no significant impact (p > 0.05). The expression levels of superoxide dismutase (sod) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) were significantly upregulated by L-methionine supplemented diet in comparison with those in the NC group (p < 0.05). Overall, the addition of both L-methionine and MHA-Ca elevated the growth performance, facilitated protein synthesis, and ameliorated hepatopancreatic damage induced by plant-protein enriched diet in L. vannamei. L-methionine and MHA-Ca supplements enhanced anti-oxidants differently.

Rationally designed probiotics prevent shrimp white feces syndrome via the probiotics–gut microbiome–immunity axis

“…In addition, several key metabolism pathways were inhibited in infected shrimp (Fig. 5f), while their by-products are known to contribute essential roles in shrimp gut integrity, anti-oxidative capacity and immunity 36,42 . Again, infection-induced detrimental effects were efficiently mitigated by probiotics supplementation (Fig.…”

Epigenetic Modulations for Prevention of Infectious Diseases in Shrimp Aquaculture

“…In the context of shrimps, recent investigations have demonstrated the possibility of epigenetic mechanism manipulation by utilizing the above-mentioned key strategies. For example, the efficacy of employing specific methyl donors with DNA methylation capacity, such as S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and L-methionine or methionine hydroxy analogs, as dietary supplements have shown to modulate antioxidant capacity, cell proliferation ability, and protein synthesis, alternatively leading to better growth and defense performance in L. vannamei [ 185 , 186 ]. Conversely, dietary supplements enriched with folic acid, an essential nutrient for DNA synthesis, have exhibited ameliorative effects on the immunity-associated functions of M. rosenbergii [ 187 ].…”