Dietary diversity and diet quality with gestational weight gain and adverse birth outcomes, results from a prospective pregnancy cohort study in urban Tanzania

Abstract

Healthy maternal diets during pregnancy are an important protective factor for pregnancy-related outcomes, including gestational weight gain (GWG) and birth outcomes. We prospectively examined the associations of maternal dietary diversity and diet quality, using Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) and Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS), with GWG and birth outcomes among women enrolled in a trial in Tanzania (n = 1190). MDD-W and PDQS were derived from a baseline food frequency questionnaire. Women were monthly followed until delivery, during which weight was measured. GWG was classified based on the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Adverse birth outcomes were classified as low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age, large for gestational age, and preterm birth. 46.2% participants had MDD-W ≥ 5. Mean score of PDQS was 23.3. Maternal intakes of nuts, poultry, and eggs were low, whereas intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages and refined grains were high. MDD-W was not associated with GWG or birth outcomes. For PDQS, compared to the lowest tertile, women in the highest tertile had lower risk of inappropriate GWG (risk ratio [RR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-1.00). Women in the middle tertile group of PDQS (RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.51-1.00) had lower risk of preterm birth. After excluding women with prior complications, higher PDQS was associated with lower risk of LBW (middle tertile:

The Association between Dietary Patterns and Pre-Pregnancy BMI with Gestational Weight Gain: The “Born in Shenyang” Cohort

“…Participants reported their pre-pregnancy weight (kg) at the time of enrollment and trained obstetricians measured weight during pregnancy a median of 10 times (range, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The obstetricians measured each participant's weight twice and calculated the average value of the two measurements.…”

“…Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal nutrition has a significant influence on gestational weight status, and thus may be a key modifiable factor in the prevention of EGWG [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Existing studies have examined the role of single nutrients, such as individual macronutrients, and food items on weight gain during pregnancy [8,10,11], but overlooked the complex interaction between foods and nutrients.…”

“…Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal nutrition has a significant influence on gestational weight status, and thus may be a key modifiable factor in the prevention of EGWG [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Existing studies have examined the role of single nutrients, such as individual macronutrients, and food items on weight gain during pregnancy [8,10,11], but overlooked the complex interaction between foods and nutrients. Maternal dietary patterns represent a broader picture of food consumption during pregnancy and are more relevant and practical for the prevention of EGWG, especially among Asian Chinese populations, who have a complex food composition and diet culture [16,17].…”

Adverse birth outcomes and associated factors among newborns delivered in a western African country: a case‒control study

“…A study on maternal health during pregnancy found that women who had at least one health problem during their pregnancy had a twofold-higher risk of delivering LBW newborns in comparison to women without any health problems (aOR 2.6, CI: 1.4-4.8) [14]. Antepartum problems such as malaria and other infections, anemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and obstetric complications are all linked to ABO [9][10][11][12]. Lack of adequate ANC, household air pollution from unclean cooking fuels, open defecation, no access to improved water, violence, and other socioeconomic disparities are also considered important risk factors for ABO in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries [15][16][17].…”

“…In recent years, ABOs in LMICs have received attention with a wide range of ABOs being reported across different studies [6][7][8][9][10][11]. While some studies include indicators for early gestation, such as preterm birth (PTB), fetal growth restriction, low birth weight (LBW) as well as perinatal mortality and fetal loss/miscarriage [4,5], others exclusively analyze the ABO for live newborns at birth [12]. On the other hand, ABO can coexist and share the same underlying risk factors.…”