Dietary choline improves growth performance, antioxidant ability and reduces lipid metabolites in practical diet for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary choline levels on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolites in juvenile Pacific white shrimp. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to supply 0, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, 10,000 mg/kg choline chloride, and dietary choline levels were analysed to be 1,317 (basal diet), 1,721, 2,336, 3,294, 5,421 and 9,495 mg/kg, respectively. Dietary choline levels significantly influenced percent weight gain (PWG) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), with the highest PWG was observed in shrimp fed the 5,421 mg/kg choline diet. However, there were no significant differences in proximate composition of whole body and muscle. Shrimp fed the diet containing 2,336 mg/kg choline had lower HDL and LDL in haemolymph than those fed the basal diet (1,317 mg/kg diet). Dietary choline prevented the accumulation of free radicals and improved antioxidant capacity by increasing catalase activity and reducing malondialdehyde content. Based on broken‐line regression and quadratic regression analysis between PWG against dietary choline levels, the optimal choline requirements were estimated to be 3,254.1 and 6,488.3 mg/kg for juvenile L. vannamei, respectively.

Growth, Metabolite, Antioxidative Capacity, Transcriptome, and the Metabolome Response to Dietary Choline Chloride in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Therefore, choline might reduce phosphatidylcholine content in L. vannamei, resulting in a decrease in hemolymph lipid content. Moreover, dietary choline had no statistical effect on hemolymph cholesterol and triglyceride contents of L. vannamei [21]. In this study, no significant difference was found in serum triglyceride among all treatment groups, while the serum total cholesterol in shrimp fed 6000 mg/kg choline was significantly higher than that in shrimp fed 4000 mg/kg choline.…”

“…Similarly, P. monodon fed choline-deficient diets have higher hepatopancreatic lipid concentration than that of shrimp fed with supplemented choline chloride [9]. On the contrary, higher concentrations of lipid metabolites in hemolymph, including high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, were found in L. vannamei fed the basal diet [21]. In this study, compared with shrimp fed 0 mg/kg choline, phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) was downregulated in shrimp fed 6000 mg/kg choline (Supplementary Figure S1B).…”

“…A previous study showed that the dietary choline requirement of L. vannamei (0.72 ± 0.20 g) based on the instantaneous growth rate is 871 mg/kg, but choline requirement is not evident when lecithin is more than 1.5% of the diet [15]. However, 3254.1 and 6488.3 mg/kg dietary choline were estimated to be the optimal choline requirements for juvenile L. vannamei (initial weight of 0.30 ± 0.00 g) based on percent weight gain [21]. The discrepancy of optimal choline requirements may be related to animal growth stage, diet ingredient, culture condition, and evaluation criteria [2,4].…”

Assessment of Anti-Alzheimer Pursuit of Jambolan Fruit Extract and/or Choline against AlCl3 Toxicity in Rats

“…Decreased levels and activity of antioxidants like SOD and CAT have also been linked to Alzheimer’s disease, according to several studies [ 100 , 101 ]. In addition, Nabila [ 102 ] and Shi [ 103 ] reported choline’s antioxidant capacity, strengthening the positive effect of the co-treatment of jambolan extract and choline.…”