Dietary Carbohydrate and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Zhai, Long; Cheng, Shuo; Zhang, Dongfeng

doi:10.1080/01635581.2015.1019639

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…All included studies ascertained outcomes according to histologic findings. A recent meta-analysis reported that there was no clear association between carbohydrate intake and the risk of prostate cancer, 48 which was in accordance with our study. However, we evaluated as many as five factors, including dietary fiber, whole grains, carbohydrate, GI, and GL.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dietary fiber, whole grains, carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load in relation to risk of prostate cancer

Wang

Tang

Chen

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe relationships between dietary fiber, whole grains, carbohydrate, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and prostate cancer risk are unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate these associations.MethodsRelevant studies were identified by a search of PubMed database and EMBASE database up to April 2015. A random effects model was used to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsTwenty-seven epidemiological studies (18 case–control studies and nine cohort studies) were included in the final analysis. The pooled RRs of prostate cancer were 0.94 (95% CI 0.85–1.05, P=0.285), 1.13 (95% CI 0.98–1.30, P=0.095), 0.96 (95% CI 0.81–1.14, P=0.672), 1.06 (95% CI 0.96–1.18, P=0.254), and 1.04 (95% CI 0.91–1.18, P=0.590) for dietary fiber, whole grains, carbohydrate, GI, and GL, respectively. There was no evidence of significant publication bias based on the Begg’s test and Egger’s test.ConclusionThe findings of this meta-analysis indicate that, based on available information, dietary fiber, whole grains, carbohydrate, GI, and GL are not associated with the risk of prostate cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dietary fiber, whole grains, carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load in relation to risk of prostate cancer

Wang

Tang

Chen

et al. 2015

OTT

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“…Null findings for dietary carbohydrates, GI and GL in relation to adiposity-related cancers are consistent with the literature, as most studies on this topic report null or weak associations ( 17 – 20 , 35 , 36 ) . Evidence on carbohydrate food sources in relation to cancer risk is limited.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Carbohydrate nutrition and risk of adiposity-related cancers: results from the Framingham Offspring cohort (1991–2013)

et al. 2017

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Higher carbohydrate intake, glycaemic index (GI), and glycaemic load (GL) are hypothesised to increase cancer risk through metabolic dysregulation of the glucose-insulin axis and adiposity-related mechanisms, but epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. This prospective cohort study investigates carbohydrate quantity and quality in relation to risk of adiposity-related cancers, which represent the most commonly diagnosed preventable cancers in the USA. In exploratory analyses, associations with three site-specific cancers: breast, prostate and colorectal cancers were also examined. The study sample consisted of 3184 adults from the Framingham Offspring cohort. Dietary data were collected in 1991-1995 using a FFQ along with lifestyle and medical information. From 1991 to 2013, 565 incident adiposity-related cancers, including 124 breast, 157 prostate and sixty-eight colorectal cancers, were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the role of carbohydrate nutrition in cancer risk. GI and GL were not associated with risk of adiposity-related cancers or any of the site-specific cancers. Total carbohydrate intake was not associated with risk of adiposity-related cancers combined or prostate and colorectal cancers. However, carbohydrate consumption in the highest v. lowest quintile was associated with 41 % lower breast cancer risk (hazard ratio (HR) 0·59; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·97). High-, medium- and low-GI foods were not associated with risk of adiposity-related cancers or prostate and colorectal cancers. In exploratory analyses, low-GI foods, were associated with 49 % lower breast cancer risk (HR 0·51; 95 % CI 0·32, 0·83). In this cohort of Caucasian American adults, associations between carbohydrate nutrition and cancer varied by cancer site. Healthier low-GI carbohydrate foods may prevent adiposity-related cancers among women, but these findings require confirmation in a larger sample.

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“…In contrast, Drake et al reported that the lowest consumption of monosaccharides corresponded with a 31% decreased risk of symptomatic prostate cancer (i.e., exhibiting lower urinary tract or other malignancy-related symptoms) [37]. Another meta-analysis by Zhai and colleagues found no significant associations between total carbohydrate intake and PCa risk, even when stratifying by study design (case-control and cohort) [38]. These findings were further substantiated by Fan et al who failed to report significant associations between dietary carbohydrate consumption and risk of advanced and non-advanced PCa on data from 22 studies that included 6 prospective cohort and 16 case-control designs [39•].…”

Section: Primary Prevention Of Cancer: Simple Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate Nutrition and the Risk of Cancer

et al. 2019

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Purpose of Review This review summarizes a selection of epidemiologic research assessing the associations between carbohydrate intake and cancer incidence and survival. Evidence for plausible biological mechanisms is also considered. Recent Findings The mechanistic paradigm explaining the relationship between carbohydrates and cancer risk has been contested by numerous observational studies. Summary Carbohydrates have conventionally been ascribed a deleterious role in the field of cancer research due to previous preclinical findings. A breadth of studies suggests that complex carbohydrate intake is inversely associated with risk of a number of cancer types. Data from studies assessing simple carbohydrates and cancer risk are mixed. Furthermore, recommendations for subsequent studies are framed.

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Dietary Carbohydrate and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Dietary fiber, whole grains, carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load in relation to risk of prostate cancer

Dietary fiber, whole grains, carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load in relation to risk of prostate cancer

Carbohydrate nutrition and risk of adiposity-related cancers: results from the Framingham Offspring cohort (1991–2013)

Carbohydrate Nutrition and the Risk of Cancer

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