Dietary caprylic acid and ghrelin O-acyltransferase activity to modulate octanoylated ghrelin functions: What is new in this nutritional field?

Lemarié, Fanny; Beauchamp, Erwan; Drouin, Gaëtan; Legrand, Philippe; Rioux, Vincent

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2018.07.009

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…We recently observed that the serum level of caprylic acid (C8:0) was significantly higher in the human obesity group compared with the normal‐weight group 20 . It has been reported that decreasing dietary caprylic acid (C8:0) and ghrelin O‐acyltransferase activity can resist obesity by modulating octanoylated ghrelin functions 32 . These studies suggest that the serum level of caprylic acid (C8:0) is much higher in obesity state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Caprylic acid (C8:0) promotes bone metastasis of prostate cancer by dysregulated adipo‐osteogenic balance in bone marrow

Wang

Chen

et al. 2020

Cancer Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Caprylic acid (C8:0) promotes bone metastasis of prostate cancer by dysregulated adipo‐osteogenic balance in bone marrow

Wang

Chen

et al. 2020

Cancer Science

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“…The fact that the caprylic acid (8:0) and capric acid (10:0) were present only in samples 1, 2, and 4 (including at high percentages) can be explained by the addition of MCT in these oral/enteral nutrition supplements, as described in Table . The main benefits of MCT in hospitalized patients are increased absorption and metabolism, body weight and appetite control, and increased immunity …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acid Composition and Lipid Profile of Oral/Enteral Nutrition Supplements Available on the Brazilian Market

Néia

Santos²,

Galuch³

et al. 2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Oral/enteral nutrition supplements enriched with fish oil are widely used for the recovery of the nutritional status of hospitalized patients, due to the omega‐3 fatty acids content. However, they are targets of adulteration. This study evaluates the lipid quality of five brands of oral/enteral nutrition supplements incorporated with fish oil, available on the Brazilian market (Brazil, Holland, and Germany). The fatty acids are quantified by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection, and the lipid profile is acquired by direct electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry, to assess how fatty acids are present in those samples. The eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents found ranged from 1.54 to 19.36% and 4.34 to 27.29%, respectively, in the form of triacylglycerols. However, brand 1 presents the lowest levels of EPA + DHA in its lipid composition, and in three brands, the addition of medium chain triglycerides is identified. The lipid quality assessment of these supplements allows an informed choice of appropriate supplements for the nutritional support of patients. Practical Applications: The study highlights and provides information of the lipid composition and fatty acids of oral/enteral nutrition supplements enriched with fish oil, indicated for malnourished patients. The findings allow health professionals to make a more informed choice of oral/enteral nutrition for the adequate treatment of patients. Fatty acids of five brands of oral/enteral nutrition supplements enriched with fish oil and available on the Brazilian market are quantified by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection, and the lipid profile is acquired by electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry. No lipid pattern among the samples is identified.

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“…Since the discoveries of ghrelin and GOAT, the preference for n-octanoyl modification and exclusion of longer chain fatty acids has marked GOAT as unique among MBOAT family members [2,5,115]. Although ghrelin was discovered with an O-n-octanoyl modification of its third serine, studies have demonstrated that GOAT can use a variety of medium-chain fatty acids when the preferred eight-carbon substrate is absent and alternative fatty acids or triglycerides are provided in the cell media or animal diet [1,5,[116][117][118]. For example, acylated forms of ghrelin ranging from two-carbons up to tencarbons were observed by mass spectrometry in fatty acid supplemented cells expressing the mouse isoform of GOAT and ghrelin [5].…”

Section: The Octanoyl-coa Acyl Donor: Recognition By Goat and Physiological Source Of Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When considering the octanoyl-CoA acyl donor, studies support roles for both exogenous and endogenous sources for this essential ghrelin acylation cosubstrate. Multiple studies indicate nutrient consumption acts as an exogenous source of mediumchain fatty acids (MCFAs) including octanoate [116][117][118]. For example, animal studies which introduced unnatural heptanoic acid into the food source produced ghrelin with acyl chains derived from the ingested diet [117].…”

Section: The Octanoyl-coa Acyl Donor: Recognition By Goat and Physiological Source Of Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin octanoylation by ghrelin O -acyltransferase: protein acylation impacting metabolic and neuroendocrine signalling

et al. 2021

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The acylated peptide hormone ghrelin impacts a wide range of physiological processes but is most well known for controlling hunger and metabolic regulation. Ghrelin requires a unique posttranslational modification, serine octanoylation, to bind and activate signalling through its cognate GHS-R1a receptor. Ghrelin acylation is catalysed by ghrelin O -acyltransferase (GOAT), a member of the membrane-bound O -acyltransferase (MBOAT) enzyme family. The ghrelin/GOAT/GHS-R1a system is defined by multiple unique aspects within both protein biochemistry and endocrinology. Ghrelin serves as the only substrate for GOAT within the human proteome and, among the multiple hormones involved in energy homeostasis and metabolism such as insulin and leptin, acts as the only known hormone in circulation that directly stimulates appetite and hunger signalling. Advances in GOAT enzymology, structural modelling and inhibitor development have revolutionized our understanding of this enzyme and offered new tools for investigating ghrelin signalling at the molecular and organismal levels. In this review, we briefly summarize the current state of knowledge regarding ghrelin signalling and ghrelin/GOAT enzymology, discuss the GOAT structural model in the context of recently reported MBOAT enzyme superfamily member structures, and highlight the growing complement of GOAT inhibitors that offer options for both ghrelin signalling studies and therapeutic applications.

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Dietary caprylic acid and ghrelin O-acyltransferase activity to modulate octanoylated ghrelin functions: What is new in this nutritional field?

Cited by 19 publications

References 90 publications

Caprylic acid (C8:0) promotes bone metastasis of prostate cancer by dysregulated adipo‐osteogenic balance in bone marrow

Caprylic acid (C8:0) promotes bone metastasis of prostate cancer by dysregulated adipo‐osteogenic balance in bone marrow

Fatty Acid Composition and Lipid Profile of Oral/Enteral Nutrition Supplements Available on the Brazilian Market

Ghrelin octanoylation by ghrelin O -acyltransferase: protein acylation impacting metabolic and neuroendocrine signalling

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