Dietary calcium and ultimobranchial body and parathyroid gland in the chicken

Mueller, GL; Cs, Anast; Breitenbach, RP

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1970.218.6.1718

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…As a result, hypoproteinemia is a common effect of aflatoxicosis (Huff et al, 1986a(Huff et al, , 1986b. In the present study, total plasma protein and blood ionized Ca were measured to determine if AF-induced hypoproteinemia alters blood ionized Ca, which in turn would affect circulating levels of PTH (Mueller et al, 1970). Blood ionized Ca was not altered in AF-treated animals even though total plasma protein was reduced, indicating the observed changes in the renal handling of Ca and Pi may not be due to changes in PTH synthesis induced by ionized Ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Aflatoxicosis alters avian renal function, calcium, and vitamin d metabolism

Glahn

Beers

Bottje

et al. 1991

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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Experiments were designed to determine the effects of aflatoxicosis on avian renal function, calcium (CA), inorganic phosphorous (Pi), and vitamin D metabolism, and to determine if the effects of aflatoxin are reversible upon discontinuation of toxin administration. Three-week-old male broiler chickens (n = 12 per treatment) received aflatoxin (AF; 2 mg/kg po) or an equal volume of corn oil, the AF carrier vehicle, for 10 consecutive days. After 10 d of treatment, half of the birds from each treatment group were anesthetized and prepared for renal function analysis, which included a 2-h phosphate loading period. Ten days after discontinuation of AF treatment, the remaining birds in each treatment group were anesthetized and prepared for renal function analysis. AF decreased plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] levels after 5 d of treatment. After 10 d of treatment, urine flow rate (V), fractional sodium excretion (FENa), and fractional potassium excretion (FEK) were lower in AF-treated birds. In addition, total plasma Ca tended to be lower (p = .10) and fractional Ca excretion (FECa) tended to be higher (p = .10) in the AF-treated birds. Intravenous phosphate loading produced a sharp increase in urine hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]) in the AF-treated birds. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was reduced and plasma osmolality was increased in AF-treated birds 10 d after discontinuation of toxin administration. The results indicate that AF directly or indirectly affects Ca and Pi metabolism in avians. At the present time, the effects may be related to altered vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) metabolism. Aflatoxicosis may decrease endogenous PTH synthesis and the renal sensitivity to PTH. The AF-related increase in urine [H+] during phosphate loading is probably due to increased Na+/H+ counterport, suggesting that AF stimulates sodium reabsorption. Also, the decrease in GFR exhibited 10 d after toxin removal indicates that AF may cause prolonged alteration in renal function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Aflatoxicosis alters avian renal function, calcium, and vitamin d metabolism

Glahn

Beers

Bottje

et al. 1991

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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“…In lower forms, such as fishes, reptiles, birds, and amphibians, the ultimobranchial body remains a distinct structure separate from the thyroid gland. In a recent study we have shown that there is a direct relation between dietary calcium and ultimobranchial body activity in the chicken [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Decreased Calcium Tolerance in Nongoitrous Cretins

Anast

Guthrie

1971

Pediatr Res

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ExtractResponse to an exogenous calcium load was studied in 7 thyroid-treated sporadic nongoitrous cretins and in 16 normal children. An intravenous infusion of 10 mg/kg of body weight of calcium as calcium gluconate was infused over a 3-hr period. Serum samples obtained before and at 1.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, and 7 hr after the start of the infusion were analyzed for calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. The base-line calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus values in serum did not differ significantly in the thyroidtreated cretins and in normal children. The infusion of calcium did not alter magnesium levels and no consistent changes were noted in phosphorus levels in either group. Mean increments in calcium levels, however, were significantly greater in the cretins at 1.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 hr after the start of the infusion. The response to calcium infusion in two children with a thyroid-iodine organification defect was similar to that seen in the normal children. Speculation

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“…GRAY and MUNSON [13,141 and COOPER and DEFTOS [5] have hypothesized that the physiologic function of CT be to protect against post-prandial hypercalcemia resulting from rapid absorption of intestinal calcium. An elevation in the intake of dietary calcium results in hyperplasia of parafollicular cells in rats [20] and a greater concentrative uptake of amino acids by the ultimobranchial glands in chickens than those on a normal or low intake of calcium [25]. These findings suggest a relationship between intake of dietary calcium and the metabolic activity of C-cells.…”

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confidence: 80%

Calcitonin Activity in Ultimobranchial Neoplasms from Bulls

1971

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Abstract. Ultimobranchial neoplasms from 5 bulls that were extracted and assayed individually contained approximately 68% as much calcitonin activity (452 * 68 MRC mU/g) as thyroid glands from control bulls (663 f 165 MRC mU/g). These results were consistent with the ultrastructural finding that thyroid neoplasms in old bulls were composed of primitive ultimobranchial cells which contained few mature secretory granules The ultimobranchial body is derived in higher vertebrates from the terminal branchial pouch in close proximity to other endocrine glands involved in the homeostatic regulation of mineral metabolism. Ultimobranchial tissue varies in postnatal location from within the pericardial transverse septum in fish, near the parathyroid glands in birds, to incorporation within the thyroid tissue in higher mammals. In cattle the ultimobranchial body becomes incorporated in the vasculo-stromal hilus of the thyroid with an ingrowth of cell cords along connective tissue stroma of the gland [19].

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Dietary calcium and ultimobranchial body and parathyroid gland in the chicken

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Aflatoxicosis alters avian renal function, calcium, and vitamin d metabolism

Aflatoxicosis alters avian renal function, calcium, and vitamin d metabolism

Decreased Calcium Tolerance in Nongoitrous Cretins

Calcitonin Activity in Ultimobranchial Neoplasms from Bulls

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