Dietary Assessment and Factors According to Fruits and Vegetables Intake in Korean Elderly People: Analysis of Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2018

Kwon, Yong‐Suk; Yang, Yu-Yeong; Park, Younghee; YooKyoung, Park; Kim, Sohye

doi:10.3390/nu12113492

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Women were about 1.7 times more likely than men to eat 200 g or more fruit per day. This result was consistent with previous studies [ 29 , 30 , 33 , 41 ]. This may be because women are more health-conscious than men, and women generally prefer sweet and fruity foods.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Level of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Its Relationship with Risk for Malnutrition in China’s Adult Labor Force: China Nutrition and Health Surveillance, 2015–2017

et al. 2023

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the fruit and vegetable intake status and examine both potential risk and protective action factors in the Chinese labor force population, while investigating the association between fruit and vegetable intake and malnutrition in this population. Data were derived from a population-based cross-sectional survey, the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance, 2015–2017. Sociodemographic information, physical measurements, and dietary intake data were collected. A total of 45,459 survey respondents aged 18–64 years old were included in the analysis. Fruit and vegetable consumption data were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the average daily intake was calculated. In 2015, the daily intake of fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, and combined fruits and vegetables among the Chinese labor force was 64.3 g, 210.0 g, and 330.0 g (median), respectively. Compared with the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2022), 79.9% and 53.0% were at risk of inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, while 55.2% were at risk of inadequate intake of combined fruits and vegetables compared with the WHO recommendation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female gender, higher educational level, and higher income were protective factors for adequate fruit intake, while increasing age and living in the southern region were protective factors for adequate vegetable intake. The results confirmed that increasing vegetable intake helped urban labor force maintain normal BMI and control overweight. Increased fruit consumption may reduce the risk of underweight, but no clear negative association with overweight and obesity was observed. In conclusion, the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables by the Chinese labor force was inadequate, especially for fruits. Interventions are needed to promote the daily intake of fruits and vegetables in this population. In addition, further in-depth studies in this area are recommended in populations with different health status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Level of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Its Relationship with Risk for Malnutrition in China’s Adult Labor Force: China Nutrition and Health Surveillance, 2015–2017

et al. 2023

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“…In addition, loss of grip strength declined linearly with increasing intake of total and animal protein, but not with an increase in plant protein intake, in older adults in Framingham, USA [ 48 ]. It is known that Korean older adults rely heavily on non-animal proteins [ 49 , 50 ], leading to a low intake of animal proteins. Thus, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of protein intake from a variety of food sources in the Korean older population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Branched-Chain Amino Acid Intake Is Associated with Handgrip Strength among Korean Older Adults

Park

Chae

Park³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Sarcopenia is a disease of old age characterized by decreased muscle mass and strength. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) promote muscle mass synthesis and increase muscle strength. We aimed to develop a dietary amino acid database and to examine the association between BCAA intake and handgrip strength in Korean older adults. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2018 were used. Overall, 4852 participants aged ≥65 years were included in the study. Demographic, lifestyle, and health data were obtained through interviews and questionnaires. The 24-h recall method was used to assess dietary intake. An amino acid database was established using the 9th revision of the Korean Standard Food Composition Table. The mean handgrip strength was estimated from triplicate measurements obtained using the dominant hand. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between BCAA intake and handgrip strength. Grains greatly contributed to amino acid intake; however, a significant negative association was observed between handgrip strength and increased BCAA intake through grains. In the fully adjusted model, leucine intake and handgrip strength showed a positive association. Thus, consuming BCAAs (especially leucine) via a variety of food sources can help maintain muscle health in older people.

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“…Among the nutrients, vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium showed a high inadequate nutritional ratio in our study. For vitamin A, approximately 80% of older Korean adults consumed less than the EAR, and even after taking MVMS, more than 50% still consumed insufficient amounts of vitamin A. Vitamin A is associated with visual function, immune function for the prevention of some viral infections in relation to host susceptibility [ 9 ], cell growth, and development, and bone health [ 27 , 28 ]. For vitamin A, the unit of calculation was changed from retinol equivalent (RE) to retinol activity equivalent (RAE) in KNHANES VII (2016) [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Single Multi-Vitamin and Mineral Supplement on Nutritional Intake in Korean Elderly: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018–2020

Kim

Park

2023

Nutrients

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Inadequate nutritional intake is common, especially among elderly individuals. Although micronutrient intake may help fill nutritional gaps, the effects of multi-vitamin and mineral supplements (MVMS) among the Korean elderly are not well known. Therefore, we investigated the nutrition-improving effects of a single MVMS. A total of 2478 people aged ≥65 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018–2020 were analyzed. Nutrient intake from food and supplements was measured using the 24 h recall method. We compared the nutritional intake and insufficiency between the food-only group (n = 2170) and the food and MVMS group (n = 308). We also evaluated the differences in inadequate nutritional intake after taking MVMS with food. The analysis included vitamins A and C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, and phosphorus. The proportion of insufficient intake ranged from 6.2% to 80.5% for men and from 21.2% to 82.4% for women, depending on the nutrients. Intake of MVMS with food was associated with lower rates of inadequacy (3.8–68.5% for men and 3.3–75.5% for women) compared to the food-only group. The results suggest that micronutrient deficiency frequently occurs in the Korean elderly population and can be improved by MVMS intake.

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Dietary Assessment and Factors According to Fruits and Vegetables Intake in Korean Elderly People: Analysis of Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2018

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Level of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Its Relationship with Risk for Malnutrition in China’s Adult Labor Force: China Nutrition and Health Surveillance, 2015–2017

Level of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Its Relationship with Risk for Malnutrition in China’s Adult Labor Force: China Nutrition and Health Surveillance, 2015–2017

Higher Branched-Chain Amino Acid Intake Is Associated with Handgrip Strength among Korean Older Adults

Effect of a Single Multi-Vitamin and Mineral Supplement on Nutritional Intake in Korean Elderly: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018–2020

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