Dietary Aspergillus oryzae Modulates Serum Biochemical Indices, Immune Responses, Oxidative Stress, and Transcription of HSP70 and Cytokine Genes in Nile Tilapia Exposed to Salinity Stress

Abstract

Nile tilapia Juveniles (19.50 ± 0.5 g) were fed on a basal diet (control group (CTR)) and a diet supplemented with 1 g Aspergillus oryzae (ASP) per kg diet for 12 weeks. Fish were then subjected to different salinity levels (0, 10, 15, and 20 practical salinity units (psu)) for another 15 days. Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that the individual effects of ASP in Nile tilapia exposed to salinity levels presented a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in values of haemato-biochemical indices (such as glucose, cortisol, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and malondialdehyde) compared to those in the CTR group exposed to the same salinity levels. Moreover, significant increases (p < 0.05) of blood protein profile (albumin, globulin, and total protein), non-specific immune responses (lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, and phagocytic index), and antioxidant enzymes activities (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were observed in ASP-supplemented groups. Interestingly, there was significant (p < 0.05) downregulation of the mRNA expression values of heat shock protein 70 and interferon-gamma genes, alongside upregulation of the mRNA expression values of interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 8 genes, in the hepatic tissues of Nile tilapia in ASP-supplemented groups exposed to different salinities compared to those in the CTR group exposed to the same salinity levels. Taken together, these findings supported the potential efficacy of dietary supplementation with ASP in alleviating salinity stress-induced haemato-biochemical alterations, immune suppression, and oxidative stress in the exposed Nile tilapia.

The Effect of Dietary Lactic Acid Bacteria on Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Responses of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) Under Water Temperature Decrease

“…The results were in agreement with the previous studies on juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus ) ( Jang et al, 2020 ). INF- γ is one of the most important interferons in fish immunity ( Zou and Secombes, 2011 ; Shukry et al, 2021 ). Heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) is a stress marker in aquatic animals ( Lindquist and Craig, 1988 ; Iwama et al, 1999 ; Shukry et al, 2021 ).…”

“…INF- γ is one of the most important interferons in fish immunity ( Zou and Secombes, 2011 ; Shukry et al, 2021 ). Heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) is a stress marker in aquatic animals ( Lindquist and Craig, 1988 ; Iwama et al, 1999 ; Shukry et al, 2021 ). In our study, there was no significant difference in INF-γ concentration among the groups, and HSP-70 was decreased in the HT and HL groups compared with the control group.…”

New insights into the influence of myo-inositol on carbohydrate metabolism during osmoregulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…The salt used in the trial was purchased from Tangjie Haisheng Crystal Factory in Tianjin. The water salinity was increased by 3 to 4 psu per day until it reached 20 psu ( Zhu et al., 2018 ; Yu et al., 2021 ; Shukry et al., 2021 ). During the experiment, all fish were fed twice a day (08:30 and 17:30) with the amount of 4% of their body weight.…”

“…Osmoregulation is an energy-costing process in aquatic organisms. Numerous prior studies have shown that 10% to 50% of the energy consumption will be used for osmotic regulation in fish during salinity adaptation ( Islam et al., 2020 ; Mozanzadeh et al., 2021 ; Singha et al., 2021 ; Shukry et al., 2021 ). Some previous studies have shown that carbohydrate catabolism and glucose transportation were significantly improved for energy supply in euryhaline fish during the process of salinity acclimation ( Guo et al., 2020 ; Islam et al., 2020 ; Moniruzzaman et al., 2020 ).…”

Transport and Recovery of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Sedated with MS-222 and Eugenol: Effects on Intermediary Metabolism and Osmoregulation

“…Blood was transferred to 2.0 mL centrifuge tubes and let stand in a refrigerator at 4 °C for 2 h. Then, it was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min. The serum was collected in a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube and stored at −20 °C until analysis [ 18 ]. Flesh tissues from the back and abdomen of each fish were collected for biochemical analysis.…”