Denervation effectively aggravates ligature-induced rat periodontitis by the NF-κB signaling pathway for excessive production of IL-1β and TNF-α and increased osteoclasts for decreased OPG/RANKL ratio. The rat model of inferior alveolar nerve transection that combined ligature-induced periodontitis provides an animal model to observe further the change of nerve-related factors in the occurrence and development of periodontitis, so as to select positive nerve-related factors to regulate inflammation and promote periodontal regeneration in the future.