Dietary Arachidonate Differentially Alters Desaturase-Elongase Pathway Flux and Gene Expression in Liver and Intestine of Suckling Pigs,

Jacobi, Sheila K.; Lin, Xi; Corl, Benjamin A.; Hess, Holly A.; Harrell, R. J.; Odle, Jack

doi:10.3945/jn.110.127118

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…FADS2 catalyses the initial desaturation step of α-linolenic acid (C18:3) and linoleic acid (C18:2) in the enzyme cascade that ultimately leads, via FADS1 , to synthesis of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) arachidonic acid (C20:4) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5). Synthesis of LC-PUFAs arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid mainly occurs in the liver and adipose [30] and suppression of their synthesis in SNEB cows may contribute to the poor fertility in high-yielding dairy herds. It was recently reported that polymorphisms in FADS1 and FADS2 were associated with reduced serum arachidonic levels in humans [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-seq analysis of differential gene expression in liver from lactating dairy cows divergent in negative energy balance

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe liver is central to most economically important metabolic processes in cattle. However, the changes in expression of genes that drive these processes remain incompletely characterised. RNA-seq is the new gold standard for whole transcriptome analysis but so far there are no reports of its application to analysis of differential gene expression in cattle liver. We used RNA-seq to study differences in expression profiles of hepatic genes and their associated pathways in individual cattle in either mild negative energy balance (MNEB) or severe negative energy balance (SNEB). NEB is an imbalance between energy intake and energy requirements for lactation and body maintenance. This aberrant metabolic state affects high-yielding dairy cows after calving and is of considerable economic importance because of its negative impact on fertility and health in dairy herds. Analysis of changes in hepatic gene expression in SNEB animals will increase our understanding of NEB and contribute to the development of strategies to circumvent it.ResultsRNA-seq analysis was carried out on total RNA from liver from early post partum Holstein Friesian cows in MNEB (n = 5) and SNEB (n = 6). 12,833 genes were deemed to be expressed (>4 reads per gene per animal), 413 of which were shown to be statistically significantly differentially expressed (SDE) at a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.1% and 200 of which were SDE (FDR of 0.1%) with a ≥2-fold change between MNEB and SNEB animals. GOseq/KEGG pathway analysis showed that SDE genes with ≥2- fold change were associated (P <0.05) with 9 KEGG pathways. Seven of these pathways were related to fatty acid metabolism and unexpectedly included ‘Steroid hormone biosynthesis’, a process which mainly occurs in the reproductive organs rather than the liver.ConclusionsRNA-seq analysis showed that the major changes at the level of transcription in the liver of SNEB cows were related to fat metabolism. 'Steroid hormone biosynthesis', a process that normally occurs in reproductive tissue, was significantly associated with changes in gene expression in the liver of SNEB cows. Changes in gene expression were found in this pathway that have not been previously been identified in SNEB cows.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-seq analysis of differential gene expression in liver from lactating dairy cows divergent in negative energy balance

et al. 2012

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“…Among long-chain PUFA, arachidonic aicd is of particular importance because it is the major regulators of intestinal homeostasis and repair following injury, gastrointestial disturbances rank among the leading cause of neonatal morbidity, and mortality [17]. And research showed that desaturation to 13 C-18:3(N-6) increased linearly in pigs fed arachidonate but the alternate elongation to 13 C-20:2(n-6) was markedly elevated in pigs fed 0% arachinonate [17]. And on the other hand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immunoglobulins, cytokines, fatty acid composition, and performance of lactating sows and suckling piglets

Yao

Wang

et al. 2012

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets. Thirty pregnant Landrace sows were assigned to one of three treatments from d 108 of gestation until weaning (26–29 d) and were fed diets containing different ratios of n-6:n-3 PUFA including 3:1, 9:1 and 13:1. The effects on sow and litter production traits were examined together with an assessment of sow body condition. No differences were detected among the treatments for the daily feed intake of sows or changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation (P > 0.05). Litter size at d 14 and d 21 were tended to increase in 3:1 treatment compared with 9:1 and 13:1 treatments (P < 0.10). Litter weight gain (1.77 kg/d) from d 0 to d 14 was tended to increase in 9:1 groups compared with the other two treatments (P < 0.10). A significant difference was observed for the content of α -linolenic acid, total n-3 PUFA, and the ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA in the colostrum, milk, and piglets plasma (P < 0.01). The effects of different ratios of n-6:n-3 PUFA in sow diets on colostrum, milk, and piglet plasma immunoglobulin concentrations are studied. No difference was observed among treatments in the concentrations of IgM, and IgA in colostrum (P > 0.05). A great significant difference for IgG concentration was observed among 3 group in colostrum. A great significant difference for IgA, and IgM (P < 0.01) concentrations in piglet plasma at d14 and a significant difference for IgG(P < 0.05) was observed at d14. Furthermore, at d 21 of lactation, piglet plasma IgG and IgA concentration were greater in 3:1 compared with 13:1 group (P < 0.01).In summary, the current study demonstrated that altering the ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA in lactating sow diet had an effect on the immune component including immunoglobulin and cytokines, and it tended to increase the litter average daily gain and improve the immune status of piglets when dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA was 9:1.

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“…However, LC-PUFA regulation of Fads gene products during the early postnatal period, when the demand for LC-PUFA is very high, has not been well studied. Recently Jacobi et al [16] showed that in suckling piglets, ARA intake at supra-physiological levels failed to down-regulate Fads2 or Fads1 in liver and actually increased their expression and LC-PUFA flux in intestine, providing evidence that dietary LC-PUFA may regulate Fads gene differently during early development. Less is known on the molecular regulation of Fads3 gene expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suckling piglet provides a practical mode for human infant development because the metabolic responses and the genetics of fatty acid desaturases in piglets are similar to those in humans [16, 20]. Thus, this study used the neonatal piglet model to investigate molecular determinants of FADS gene expression during early development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid regulate liver fatty acid desaturase (FADS) alternative transcript expression in suckling piglets

Wijendran¹,

Downs²,

Srigley³

et al. 2013

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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Molecular regulation of fatty acid desaturase (Fads) gene expression by dietary arachidonic (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during early postnatal period, when the demand for long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) is very high, has not been well defined. The objective of the current study was to determine regulation of liver Fads1, Fads2 and Fads3 classical (CS) and alternative transcripts (AT) expression by dietary ARA and DHA, within the physiological range present in human breast milk, in suckling piglets. Piglets were fed one of six milk replacer formula diets (Formula-reared groups, FR) with varying ARA and DHA content from days 3-28 of age. The ARA/DHA levels of the six formula diets were as follows (% total fatty acid, FA/FA): (A1) 0.1/1.0; (A2) 0.53/1.0; (A3-D3) 0.69/1.0; (A4) 1.1/1.0; (D2) 0.67/0.62; (D1) 0.66/0.33. The control maternal-reared (MR) group remained with the dam. Fads1 expression was not significantly different between FR and MR groups. Fads2 expression was down-regulated significantly in diets with 1:1 ratio of ARA:DHA, compared to MR. Fads2 AT1 expression was highly correlated to Fads2 expression. Fads3 AT7 was the only Fads3 transcript sensitive to dietary LC-PUFA intake and was up-regulated in the formula diets with lowest ARA and DHA content compared to MR. Thus, the present study provides evidence that the proportion of dietary ARA:DHA is a significant determinant of Fads2 expression and LC-PUFA metabolism during the early post-natal period. Further, the data suggest that Fads3 AT7 may have functional significance when dietary supply of ARA and DHA are low during early development.

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Dietary Arachidonate Differentially Alters Desaturase-Elongase Pathway Flux and Gene Expression in Liver and Intestine of Suckling Pigs,

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

RNA-seq analysis of differential gene expression in liver from lactating dairy cows divergent in negative energy balance

RNA-seq analysis of differential gene expression in liver from lactating dairy cows divergent in negative energy balance

Effects of dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immunoglobulins, cytokines, fatty acid composition, and performance of lactating sows and suckling piglets

Dietary arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid regulate liver fatty acid desaturase (FADS) alternative transcript expression in suckling piglets

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