Effects of dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immunoglobulins, cytokines, fatty acid composition, and performance of lactating sows and suckling piglets

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets. Thirty pregnant Landrace sows were assigned to one of three treatments from d 108 of gestation until weaning (26–29 d) and were fed diets containing different ratios of n-6:n-3 PUFA including 3:1, 9:1 and 13:1. The effects on sow and litter production traits were examined together with an assessment of sow body condition. No differences were detected among the treatments for the daily feed intake of sows or changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation (P > 0.05). Litter size at d 14 and d 21 were tended to increase in 3:1 treatment compared with 9:1 and 13:1 treatments (P < 0.10). Litter weight gain (1.77 kg/d) from d 0 to d 14 was tended to increase in 9:1 groups compared with the other two treatments (P < 0.10). A significant difference was observed for the content of α -linolenic acid, total n-3 PUFA, and the ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA in the colostrum, milk, and piglets plasma (P < 0.01). The effects of different ratios of n-6:n-3 PUFA in sow diets on colostrum, milk, and piglet plasma immunoglobulin concentrations are studied. No difference was observed among treatments in the concentrations of IgM, and IgA in colostrum (P > 0.05). A great significant difference for IgG concentration was observed among 3 group in colostrum. A great significant difference for IgA, and IgM (P < 0.01) concentrations in piglet plasma at d14 and a significant difference for IgG(P < 0.05) was observed at d14. Furthermore, at d 21 of lactation, piglet plasma IgG and IgA concentration were greater in 3:1 compared with 13:1 group (P < 0.01).In summary, the current study demonstrated that altering the ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA in lactating sow diet had an effect on the immune component including immunoglobulin and cytokines, and it tended to increase the litter average daily gain and improve the immune status of piglets when dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA was 9:1.

Effects of different n‐6 to n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio on reproductive performance, fecal microbiota and nutrient digestibility of gestation‐lactating sows and suckling piglets

“…Dietary low n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio in mice on a high fat diet, did not differ significantly in BW among the groups at any point throughout the study (Riediger et al 2008). According to Yao et al (2012) no differences were detected among the treatments for the daily feed intake of sows or changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation. According to Yao et al (2012) no differences were detected among the treatments for the daily feed intake of sows or changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation.…”

“…For instance, Rooke et al (2001) found that piglets from sows fed diets containing tuna oil (which is a source rich in n-3 PUFA) had a more active suckling behavior immediately after birth, which contributes to their enhanced growth during the entire lactation period. Indeed, Yao et al (2012) demonstrated that altering the ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA in lactating sow diet had an effect on performance of suckling piglets, and it tended to increase the litter ADG when dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA was 9:1. Indeed, Yao et al (2012) demonstrated that altering the ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA in lactating sow diet had an effect on performance of suckling piglets, and it tended to increase the litter ADG when dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA was 9:1.…”

“…(Grobas et al 2001;Duan et al 2014). Yao et al (2012) reported that adding different sources of oil including maize, linseed or tuna oils to sow diets throughout pregnancy and lactation had a subsequent effect on piglet weight 7 days postweaning. Yao et al (2012) reported that adding different sources of oil including maize, linseed or tuna oils to sow diets throughout pregnancy and lactation had a subsequent effect on piglet weight 7 days postweaning.…”

Influence of a Spray-Dried Fat Enriched With Epa and Dha on the Fatty Acid Composition of Sow Milk

“…Eastwood et al (2014) observed increased EPA in sow milk following ALA supplementation. Yao et al (2012) demonstrated that altering the PUFA ratio from n-6:n-3 to 9:1 in the diet of lactating sows influenced immunoglobulin and cytokine levels and tended to increase litter performance and piglet immune status.…”

Caracterização nutricional e funcional da farinha de chia (Salvia hispanica) e sua aplicação no desenvolvimento de pães

“…Esses teores apresentam-se satisfatórios quando comparados a outras fontes de nutrientes já conhecidas, conforme Tabela 4. MARQUES, 2008;LI et al, 2010;MALPELI et al, 2012;ESCUDERO et al, 2012;VILCHE et al, 2013;COSTA, BORGES, 2005;BORGES et al, 2010; O principal interesse nessa semente refere-se ao teor de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados ácido alfa-linolênico (18:3 n-3, LNA), e ácido linoleico (18:2 n-6, LA) (AYERZA, 2009;MOHD et al, 2012), tendo em vista que esses compostos auxiliam as funções imunológicas, inibem a proliferação de linfócitos e citocinas pró-inflamatórias, atuam na prevenção de incidência de doenças cardiovasculares e mantém a integridade das membranas celulares e dos neurotransmissores (YAO et al, 2012;LUDWIG et al, 2013).…”