Dietary and serum <i>n</i>-3 PUFA and polycystic ovary syndrome: a matched case–control study

Lu, Ling; Li, Xiaoqin; Lv, Lin; Xu, Yao; Wu, Baohua; Huang, Chaolin

doi:10.1017/s0007114521003007

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In this study, we found that the levels of total MUFAs and PUFAs in the PCOS group were lower than those in the control group, whereas the levels of SFAs and TFAs were higher in the PCOS group. Consistent with our study, Li et al and Lu et al found that PCOS patients had decreased PUFA levels and increased levels of SFAs in serum compared to lean controls (18,19). In the subcutaneous adipose tissue of pregnant women with PCOS, the level of total PUFAs was lower, while that of total MUFAs was higher than that in non-PCOS women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Consistent with our study, Mousa et al found that lower DHA concentrations were associated with lower SHBG and higher adiposity, IR, Ins0, and FAI (17). Lu et al found that serum DHA levels were positively correlated with FSH and SHBG but negatively correlated with Ins0andtotal testosterone (19). In addition, DHA is one of the most well-known omega-3 PUFAs (n-3 PUFAs), and several studies have evaluated the changes in hormones in women with PCOS after supplementation with n-3PUFA; however, the results have been mixed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Serum fatty acid profiles associated with metabolic risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Tian

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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PurposeDyslipidemia is a feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that may augment metabolic disturbances. Serum fatty acids are important biomedical indicators of dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to determine the distinct serum fatty acids in various PCOS subtypes and their association with metabolic risk in women with PCOS.MethodsFatty acids in the serum of 202 women with PCOS were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fatty acids were compared between PCOS subtypes and correlated with glycemic parameters, adipokines, homocysteine, sex hormones, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).ResultsThe levels of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the reproductive subtype of PCOS were lower than those in the metabolic subtype. Docosahexaenoic acid, a PUFA, was associated with higher SHBG after correction for multiple comparisons. Eighteen species of fatty acids emerged as potential biomarkers associated with the metabolic risk factors measured, independent of body mass index (BMI). Among them, myristic acid (C14:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (C18:1n-9C), cis-vaccenic acid (C18:1n-7), and homo-gamma-linolenic acid (C20:3n-6) were the strongest lipid species that were consistently associated with metabolic risk factors, particularly insulin-related parameters in women with PCOS. As for adipokines, 16 fatty acids were positively associated with serum leptin. Among them, C16:1 and C20:3n-6were significantly associated with leptin levels.ConclusionOur data demonstrated that a distinct fatty acid profile comprising high C14:0, C16:1, C18:1n-9C, C18:1n-7, and C20:3n-6levels is associated with metabolic risk in women with PCOS, independent of BMI.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Serum fatty acid profiles associated with metabolic risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Tian

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…The inconsistent results between dietary and circulating omega-3 PUFAs may be attributable to the difference in concentration in omega-3 PUFA concentrations in the dietary and serum phospholipids ( 38 ). Because gastrointestinal digestion and the absorption process of foods could affect the bioavailability and clinical efficacy of dietary omega-3 PUFAs, leading to the underestimation of their beneficial effects ( 24 ). Furthermore, not only genetic factors could influence the molecular response to different sources of omega-3 PUFAs, but also epigenetic modifications could obscure the clinical benefits of omega-3 PUFAs ( 24 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potentially eligible patients who suffered PCOS were consecutively recruited from the Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College in China. The detailed information on the study design has been described in a previous publication ( 24 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between omega-3 fatty acids and insulin resistance and body composition in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is strongly associated with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance and effective approaches to nutrition (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids intake) might improve the cardiometabolic risk profile. This study aimed to examine the associations of dietary and serum omega-3 fatty acids with insulin resistance (IR) and body composition among PCOS patients.MethodsA total of 185 patients with PCOS were included in our analysis. Dietary information was collected through face-to-face interviews using a 102-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Serum omega-3 fatty acid levels were measured with the gas chromatography method. Body composition was measured by both dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) methods. The multivariable linear regression model was applied to analyze the associations of dietary and serum omega-3 fatty acids with the levels of Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and body composition parameters among PCOS patients.ResultsOur results indicated that the dietary long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intakes were negatively associated with HOMA-IR (β = –0.089, P = 0.040), fat mass (β = –0.022, P = 0.047), and body fat percentage (β = –0.026, P = 0.032). For serum biomarkers, higher total omega-3 PUFAs levels (β = –0.158, P = 0.021) and long-chain omega-3 PUFAs levels (β = –0.187, P < 0.001), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (β = –164, P = 0.011) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (β = –0.158, P = 0.001) were also associated with decreased HOMA-IR. In addition, generally, dietary and serum long-chain omega-3 PUFA levels, DPA, and DHA levels were both positively associated with muscle mass measured by DXA; whereas serum total, long-chain and individual omega-3 PUFA levels (e.g., DPA, EPA, and DHA) were all negatively associated with fat mass and body fat percentage. These findings were further confirmed by the findings for body composition measured by the BIA method.ConclusionHigher levels of dietary and serum omega-3 PUFAs, particularly long-chain omega PUFAs (DPA and DHA), might have beneficial effects on metabolic parameters and body composition among PCOS patients.

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“…In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is a vital factor of infertility, previous studies found that EPA and DHA may improve PCOS symptoms in rats by decreasing lipids and reducing weight and metabolic anomalies ( 42 ). A case-control study of Chinese women ( 43 ) also indicated the protective effects of consuming long-chain omega-3 PUFA, especially EPA and DHA, on PCOS. Nevertheless, according to our results, EPA and DPA may not be as efficient as expected in preventing infertility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and infertility among American women aged 20–44 years

Wang

Feng

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundInfertility is a nationwide public health priority in the U.S. However, few studies have investigated the effects of dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on female infertility. This study explored the association between PUFA intake and risk of infertility.MethodsA total of 1,785 women aged 20–44 years from three National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles (2013–2018) were included in this cross-sectional study. The intake of PUFAs was obtained from a 24-h dietary interview on two separate days with a 3–10-day interval, and nutrient residue models were used. Fertility status was assessed by positive response to two relative questions via a questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used and some covariates were adjusted.ResultsAmong all the participants, 340 (19.05%) women suffered from infertility. The intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (OR = 0.998, 95% CI 0.998, 0.009) was slightly related to the risk of infertility. In contrast, women with higher α-linolenic acid (ALA) (OR = 1.416, 95% CI 1.138, 1.763) and linoleic acid (LA) intake (OR = 1.020, 95% CI 1.002, 1.038) presented with a relatively higher risk of primary infertility. Furthermore, in 20–34-year-old women, higher omega-6/omega-3 was significant associated with the risk of infertility (OR = 1.002, 95%CI 1.000, 1.005).ConclusionsOur results suggest that PUFA intake is only slightly associated with infertility. The higher the DHA intake, the lower the risk of infertility regardless of age. In women with primary infertility, ALA and LA has negative effect.

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Dietary and serum n-3 PUFA and polycystic ovary syndrome: a matched case–control study

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Serum fatty acid profiles associated with metabolic risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Serum fatty acid profiles associated with metabolic risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Associations between omega-3 fatty acids and insulin resistance and body composition in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Association between polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and infertility among American women aged 20–44 years

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