Diet supporting therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases

Abstract

Purpose Non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. More and more often attention is paid to the possibility of dietary support for inflammatory bowel diseases. Methods The following review article considers the role of dietary components in the treatment of IBD as: pteridines, probiotics, bovine immunoglobulin, vitamin D, omega-3, flavonoids, polyphenols, curcumin and phosphatidylcholine. The article also discusses plant raw materials of arjuna, soy protein and nettles, trying to summarize their effect on quenching the inflammatory process within the intestines. This review focuses on the possibilities of dietary components and supplementation use to improve the pharmacotherapy response as well as the general clinical patients’ condition. Results The mechanism of action of supportive therapy is based on reduction in oxidative stress, maintaining the adequate balance between Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes by affecting cytokines, increasing riboflavin supply for macrophages, increasing expression of vitamin D receptor, regulation by decreasing the expression of NF-κB in liver cells and ability to inhibit the COX2 entrance and inactivate prostaglandins that are involved in the inflammatory process and 12-lipoxygenase pathway inhibition. Conclusion Considering clinical researches, it seems that the use of the above-mentioned ingredients in the diet of patients suffering IBD may positively influence the treatment process and maintenance of remission.

Differences in Dietary Patterns of Adolescent Patients with IBD

“…Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the dietary intake of energy, macro-, and micronutrients by adolescents with IBD compared to Polish reference standards and control group (CG) intake. The study also aimed to identify possible nutritional deficiencies in patients with IBD and to identify components for which supplementation should be considered [ 22 ].…”

Enteral nutrition ameliorates the symptoms of Crohn's disease in mice via activating special pro-resolving mediators through innate lymphoid cells

“… 38 n -3 Supplementation was summarized to be benefit to the inhibition of inflammation, however, unbalanced ratio of n -6 to n -3 could stimulate the production of C-reactive protein and up-regulate the risk of IBD. 39 – 41 n -3 Supplementation was also concluded to be immunosuppressive, but it might induce oxidative stress through recruiting lipid peroxidation and these symptoms should be ameliorated through co-administration of vitamin E. 42 Thus, the clinical application of n -3 PUFA needs further exploration. There was still a common point that n -3 PUFA or SPMs were immunosuppressive.…”

Quarter-Century Explorations of Bioactive Polyphenols: Diverse Health Benefits

“…(a) The anti-inflammatory effects (e.g., NFκB inactivation, iNOS/COX2 downregulation, LOX-12 inhibition, suppressed cytokine TNFα, IL-1β/6/8, and IFNγ expression, upregulated IL-10, favored Th1/2 balance, etc.) [194][195][196] naturally contribute to anti-IBD. (b) Immunomodulation by polyphenols could ease IBD episodes as well as prevent its progression.…”

“…Polyphenols reduce inflammation by suppressing the proinflammatory cytokines in IBD by inducing Treg cells in the intestine, inhibition of TNFα, induction of apoptosis, and decreasing DNA damage. (c) As prebiotics and a consequence of altered microbiota with decreased species (Bacteroides acidifaciens) but increased species (Ruminococcus gnavus and Akkermansia mucinphilia), polyphenols induce Tregs while suppressing inflammatory Th1/Th17 cells, thereby preventing murine colitis development [196].…”