Diet quality and risk factors for cardiovascular disease among South Asians in Alberta

Abstract

South Asians have a higher prevalence of early onset cardiovascular disease risk compared with other populations. Dietary intake is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dietary patterns in immigrants and successive generations of South Asians settled in Western countries undergo adaptions. Little is known about the dietary intake of South Asians in Alberta, thus the objective of the present study was to describe the dietary patterns among South Asians and their risks for cardiovascular diseases. A retrospective analysis of data collected from 140 South Asian adults participating in the Alberta's Tomorrow Project was conducted. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was used an indicator of overall diet quality and adherence to dietary recommendations made by Health Canada. Central obesity (70%), hypercholesterolemia (27%), and hypertension (14%) were predominant health conditions observed in the study participants. About 56% and 44% of participants obtained moderate and poor HEI scores, respectively. The diet quality of the majority of participants was inadequate to meet macro-and micronutrient intake recommendations. The high prevalence of poor/moderate diet quality and pre-existing chronic health conditions across all body mass index groups is a cause for concern in this population.Résumé : La prévalence d'apparition précoce du risque de maladie cardiovasculaire est plus élevée chez les Sud-Asiatiques que chez les autres populations. L'apport alimentaire est un facteur de risque modifiable pour les maladies cardiovasculaires. Les habitudes alimentaires des immigrants et des générations successives des Sud-Asiatiques installés dans les pays occidentaux font l'objet d'adaptations. On sait peu de choses sur l'apport alimentaire des Sud-Asiatiques en Alberta; l'objectif de la présente étude est donc de décrire les habitudes alimentaires des Sud-Asiatiques et leurs risques de maladies cardiovasculaires. Une analyse rétrospective des données recueillies auprès de 140 adultes sud-asiatiques participant au Alberta's Tomorrow Project est réalisée. L'apport alimentaire est évalué à l'aide d'un questionnaire sur la fréquence de consommation des aliments; l'indice de saine alimentation (HEI) est utilisé comme indicateur de la qualité globale de l'alimentation et de la conformité aux recommandations alimentaires de Santé Canada. L'obésité abdominale (70 %), l'hypercholestérolémie (27 %) et l'hypertension (14 %) sont les problèmes de santé prédominants observés chez les participants à l'étude. Environ 56 % et 44 % des participants obtiennent respectivement des scores HEI moyens et faibles. La qualité du régime alimentaire de la majorité des participants est insuffisante pour répondre aux recommandations relatives à l'apport en macro et en micronutriments. La prévalence élevée d'une alimentation de qualité pauvre / moyenne et de problèmes de santé chroniques préexistants dans tous les groupes d'indice de masse corporelle est préoccupante dans cette p...

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