Diet, disease and pigment variation in humans

Khan, Rajeswari; Khan, Barkadin

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2010.03.033

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…People may also contract TB from infected meat and milk from their animals, or working with other of their products, such as skins. There have also been suggestions that adoption of agriculture led to lower vitamin D resources and a powerful selection on the immune response because of infectious disease and a rise in population density 20 . Notwithstanding the (rare) evidence outside of Europe, apart from the early data in the Near Middle/East and Africa, the evidence for TB increases in the Roman period of Europe (2 nd -5 th centuries AD) when people had started to live in towns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old World tuberculosis: Evidence from human remains with a review of current research and future prospects

Roberts

2015

Tuberculosis

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. (2015) 'Old World tuberculosis : evidence from human remains with a review of current research and future prospects.', Tuberculosis., 95 (Supplement 1). S117-S121.Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. aDNA analysis has provided data on species and strains of the M. tuberculosis complex organisms affecting people in the past. The extant data suggest the first epidemiological transition (Neolithic agriculture and permanent settlements) led to an increase in TB, with later increases in urban environments of the late Medieval period. A number of causative factors were at play. Future research, particularly using biomolecular analysis, has the potential to further contribute to our understanding of the origin and evolution of TB, thus merging the disciplines of palaeopathology and evolutionary medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old World tuberculosis: Evidence from human remains with a review of current research and future prospects

Roberts

2015

Tuberculosis

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“…The recent revelation that epidermal pigmentation remained quite dark in central European Mesolithic humans (Beleza et al, ; Olalde et al, ; Wilde et al, ), led to a modification of the VD3 hypothesis, based upon the putative dietary inadequacies of cereal‐based diets in later, agrarian societies (Khan & Khan, ). (The cereal diet modification of the vitamin D hypothesis asserts that early agriculturalists were at risk for a VD3 deficiency due to a paucity of this vitamin in cereal crops).…”

Section: Pigment Dilution In Modern Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basis for the gain and subsequent dilution of epidermal pigmentation during human evolution: The barrier and metabolic conservation hypotheses revisited

Elias

Williams

2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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The evolution of human skin pigmentation must address both the initial evolution of intense epidermal pigmentation in hominins, and its subsequent dilution in modern humans. While many authorities believe that epidermal pigmentation evolved to protect against either ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation-induced mutagenesis or folic acid photolysis, we hypothesize that pigmentation where little UV-B breaches the atmosphere (i.e., present-day UK, Scandinavia, Baltic States), pigment dilution alone could not suffice. There, other nonpigment-related mutations evolved to facilitate VD3 production; for example, in the epidermal protein, filaggrin, resulting in reduced levels of its distal metabolite, trans-urocanic acid, a potent UV-B chromophore. Thus, changes in human pigmentation reflect a complex interplay between latitude, climate, diet, lifestyle, and shifting metabolic priorities.

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“…Although a number of alternative views exist regarding some details of this hypothesis [5,35,36], there seems to be general agreement that human skin color variation arose as result of natural selection, most likely via genetic adaptation to solar radiation. Several studies could show evidence of selective sweeps in those genomic regions where known skin color genes are located [37,38], for an overview see [20], providing strong support for the idea of natural selection on human skin color.…”

Section: Pigmentation Phenotypes: Quantification and Normalization Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorful DNA polymorphisms in humans

Liu

Wen

Kayser

2013

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

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a b s t r a c tIn this review article we summarize current knowledge on how variation on the DNA level influences human pigmentation including color variation of iris, hair, and skin. We review recent progress in the field of human pigmentation genetics by focusing on the genes and DNA polymorphisms discovered to be involved in determining human pigmentation traits, their association with diseases particularly skin cancers, and their power to predict human eye, hair, and skin colors with potential utilization in forensic investigations.

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Diet, disease and pigment variation in humans

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Old World tuberculosis: Evidence from human remains with a review of current research and future prospects

Old World tuberculosis: Evidence from human remains with a review of current research and future prospects

Basis for the gain and subsequent dilution of epidermal pigmentation during human evolution: The barrier and metabolic conservation hypotheses revisited

Colorful DNA polymorphisms in humans

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