Diet and Urine Estrogens among Postmenopausal Women

Katsouyanni, Klea; Boyle, Peter; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios

doi:10.1159/000226987

Cited by 44 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The results were similar to those from previous studies in postmenopausal women. 5,7,31,32) We observed higher estradiol levels in women who had quit smoking, but not in those who continued smoking. The reason for this inconsistency is not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Relations of Insulin Resistance and Serum Concentrations of Estradiol and Sex Hormone‐binding Globulin to Potential Breast Cancer Risk Factors

Nagata

Shimizu

Takami

et al. 2000

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance may be a mediator for breast cancer risk factors. On the other hand, some, but not all, of the well-known risk factors of breast cancer have been associated with serum estrogen concentrations. We assessed the relationships of potential breast cancer risk factors to indicators of insulin resistance, fasting plasma insulin concentration and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-R), in 88 postmenopausal Japanese women. We also examined whether insulin resistance would explain the association of breast cancer risk factors with serum estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Information on potential breast cancer risk factors, such as demographic characteristics, smoking and drinking habits, diet, exercise, menstrual and reproductive factors, was obtained by self-administered health questionnaire including a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. 1) Positive association between serum estradiol and breast cancer risk has been confirmed in postmenopausal women.2, 3) The known breast cancer risk factors such as age at menarche, nulliparity, and obesity may be mediated by an estrogen mechanism. Therefore, the relationships between estrogen profile and some of the breast cancer risk factors have been investigated, but the results are inconsistent. [4][5][6][7][8] Recent epidemiological studies showed that high serum C-peptide, a peripheral marker of insulin secretion, or plasma fasting insulin level was significantly associated with risk of breast cancer.9, 10) Insulin promotes the growth of rat mammary carcinoma cells.11) Hyperinsulinemia may be a significant risk factor for breast cancer. Obesity, a well-known risk factor of postmenopausal breast cancer was accompanied by hyperinsulinemia. 12, 13) Dietary fat, a suspected breast cancer risk factor, was associated with blood insulin concentration. 13,14) Fat intake modified the binding of insulin receptors and the rate of insulin-stimulated glucose transport.15) These observations led to the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance rather than estrogen profile may be a link between breast cancer risk factors and breast cancer. 16,17) According to this hypothesis, the previously reported positive association between estradiol concentration and breast cancer risk factors, such as obesity and fat intake, may be explained by the influence of hyperinsulinemia on serum estrogen concentrations.18) Therefore, we evaluated the relationships between insulin resistance and potential breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women and examined whether insulin resistance confounds any observed relations between estrogen status and potential breast cancer risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODSWe focused on women who were postmenopausal, defined as cessation of menses for 12 or more months, among the participants in the health check-up program provided by a general hospital in Gifu.19) A total of 103 postmenopausal women agreed to participate in the present study a...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Relations of Insulin Resistance and Serum Concentrations of Estradiol and Sex Hormone‐binding Globulin to Potential Breast Cancer Risk Factors

Nagata

Shimizu

Takami

et al. 2000

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, results from experimental and cross-sectional data suggest that acute and chronic alcohol consumption increase endogenous oestrogen levels of both premenopausal and postmenopausal women (Mendelson et al, 1981(Mendelson et al, , 1987(Mendelson et al, , 1989; Teoh et al, 1988; Katsouyanni et al, 1991;Gavaler et al, 1993;Reichman et al, 1993;Dorgan et al, 1994;Hankinson et al, 1995). Overall, this evidence combined with results of a prospective study of endogenous oestrogens and postmenopausal breast cancer indicate that the effect of alcohol on breast cancer risk may be mediated by oestrogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol consumption and breast cancer oestrogen and progesterone receptor status

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We examined the role of alcohol on the risk of breast cancer by the joint oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status of the tumour using data from two case-control studies conducted in Los Angeles County, USA. Eligible premenopausal patients were 733 women aged ≤ 40 years and first diagnosed from 1 July 1983 to 1 January 1989. Eligible postmenopausal patients were 1169 women aged 55–64 years and first diagnosed from 1 March 1987 to 31 December 89. Patients were identified by the University of Southern California Cancer Surveillance Program. Neighbourhood controls were individually matched to patients by parity (premenopausal patients) and birth date (± 3 years). ER and PR status were obtained from medical records for 424 premenopausal and 760 postmenopausal patients. The analyses included 714 premenopausal and 1091 postmenopausal control subjects. Alcohol use was generally not associated with premenopausal risk of breast cancer, regardless of hormone-receptor status. Among the postmenopausal women, those who consumed, on average, ≥ 27 g of alcohol/d experienced an odds ratio (OR) of 1.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–2.71] for ER-positive/PR-positive breast cancer relative to women who reported no alcohol consumption. Alcohol use was less clearly associated with risk of other receptor types among postmenopausal women. These data suggest that alcohol may preferentially increase risk of ER-positive/PR-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaign

show abstract

“…Finally, it is possible that alcohol has differential effects on the genotoxic and hormonal pathways of oestrogen, so extrapolation between pro-carcinogenic activity and skeletal or cardiovascular protection may not be valid (Feskanich et al 1999). Thus, in summary, it seems probable that moderate alcohol consumption can to some extent influence circulating oestrogens, or even androgens (Gavaler et al 1991;Katsouyanni et al 1991;Hankinson et al 1995), but critical review of existing data does not then support a knock-on effect in terms of bone health.…”

Section: Oestrogenic Effects Of Alcohol: Any Relevance To Bone Mineramentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate alcohol consumption and increased bone mineral density: potential ethanol and non-ethanol mechanisms

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mounting epidemiological evidence indicates an association between the moderate ingestion of alcoholic beverages and higher bone mineral density (v. abstainers). More limited findings provide some evidence for translation of this association into reduced fracture risk, but further studies are required. Here, these data are reviewed and caveats in their assimilation, comparison and interpretation as well as in the use and application of bone health indices are discussed. Whilst it is concluded that evidence is now strong for the moderate alcohol-bone health association, at least in relation to bone mineral density, mechanisms are less clear. Both ethanol and non-ethanol components have been implicated as factors that positively affect bone health in the light of moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, and four particular areas are discussed. First, recent findings suggest that moderate ethanol consumption acutely inhibits bone resorption, in a non-parathyroid hormone-and non-calcitonin-dependent fashion, which can only partly be attributed to an energy effect. Second, critical review of the literature does not support a role for moderate ethanol consumption affecting oestrogen status and leading to a knock-on effect on bone. Third, Si is present at high levels in certain alcoholic beverages, especially beer, and may have a measurable role in promoting bone formation. Fourth, a large body of work indicates that phytochemicals (e.g. polyphenols) from alcoholic beverages could influence bone health, but human data are lacking. With further work it is hoped to be able to model epidemiological observations and provide a clear pathway between the magnitude of association and the relative contribution of these mechanisms for the major classes of alcoholic beverage.

show abstract

Diet and Urine Estrogens among Postmenopausal Women

Cited by 44 publications

References 14 publications

Relations of Insulin Resistance and Serum Concentrations of Estradiol and Sex Hormone‐binding Globulin to Potential Breast Cancer Risk Factors

Relations of Insulin Resistance and Serum Concentrations of Estradiol and Sex Hormone‐binding Globulin to Potential Breast Cancer Risk Factors

Alcohol consumption and breast cancer oestrogen and progesterone receptor status

Moderate alcohol consumption and increased bone mineral density: potential ethanol and non-ethanol mechanisms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About