Diet and the Gut Microbiota – How the Gut

Tuohy, Kieran; Venuti, Paola; Cuva, Simone; Furlanello, Cesare; Gasperotti, Mattia; Am, Mancini; Ceppa, Florencia; Cavalieri, Duccio; Filippo, Carlotta De; Vrhovšek, Urška; Mena, Pedro; Rio, Daniele Del; Fava, Francesca

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407825-3.00015-0

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 219 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…Current research emphasizes the interexchange of signals influenced by the gut microbiota that are detected and transduced in information from the gut to the nervous system involving neural, endocrine, and inflammatory mechanisms [57]. Gut microbiota has been shown to directly affect neurotransmitter metabolism with implications for enteric and central nervous system function through the production of molecules, such as SCFAs, secondary bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites [58], together with folate and GABA [59]. The signal can be propagated by interaction with enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and enterochromaffins cells (ECCs), which are able to induce central responses (i.e., by controlling serotonin release) via long-distance neural signaling by vagal or afferent nerve fibers that extend into intestinal villi (Figure 2A) [60].…”

Section: Gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and Mental Health: Review of the Recent Updates on Molecular Mechanisms

et al. 2020

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Over the last decades, there has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of mental health disorders, including an increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, cognitive, and sleep disorders. Diet and its bioactive components have been recognized among the modifiable risk factors, possibly influencing their pathogenesis. This review aimed to summarize molecular mechanisms underlying the putative beneficial effects toward brain health of different dietary factors, such as micro- and macronutrient intake and habits, such as feeding time and circadian rhythm. The role of hormonal homeostasis in the context of glucose metabolism and adiponectin regulation and its impact on systemic and neuro-inflammation has also been considered and deepened. In addition, the effect of individual bioactive molecules exerting antioxidant activities and acting as anti-inflammatory agents, such as omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols, considered beneficial for the central nervous system via modulation of adult neurogenesis, synaptic and neuronal plasticity, and microglia activation has been summarized. An overview of the regulation of the gut–brain axis and its effect on the modulation of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress has been provided. Finally, the impact of bioactive molecules on inflammation and oxidative stress and its association with brain health has been summarized.

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Section: Gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and Mental Health: Review of the Recent Updates on Molecular Mechanisms

et al. 2020

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“…The majority of human gut microbes belong to Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, with Actinobacteria phylum being a minor but essential component of the gut microbiome [1]. Bifidobacteria belonging to this phylum have been known to be essential and beneficial inhabitants of the human gut long before the era of molecular-genetic technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Gut Microbiome Response Induced by Fermented Dairy Product Intake in Healthy Volunteers

Volokh¹,

Klimenko

Berezhnaya³

et al. 2019

Nutrients

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Accumulated data suggests that the gut microbiome can rapidly respond to changes in diet. Consumption of fermented dairy products (FDP) fortified with probiotic microbes may be associated with positive impact on human health. However, the extent and details of the possible impact of FDP consumption on gut community structure tends to vary across individuals. We used microbiome analysis to characterize changes in gut microbiota composition after 30 days of oral intake of a yoghurt fortified with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to assess the gut microbial composition before and after FDP consumption in healthy adults (n = 150). Paired comparison of gut microbial content demonstrated an increase in presence of potentially beneficial bacteria, particularly, Bifidobacterium genus, as well as Adlercreutzia equolifaciens and Slackia isoflavoniconvertens. At a functional level, an increased capacity to metabolize lactose and synthesize amino acids was observed accompanied by a lowered potential for synthesis of lipopolysaccharides. Cluster analysis revealed that study volunteers segregated into two groups with post-intervention microbiota response that was dependent on the baseline microbial community structure.

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“…Thus, an understanding of the factors that results in the alteration of gut microbiota and the potential strategies that can be used to restore the gut ecology is becoming increasingly important to clinicians and the induction of novel compounds and/or treatment strategy is of utmost importance. Emerging dietary strategies recommended for modulating the composition of the human gut microbiota include the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and polyphenols [ 33 ]. As far as prebiotics are concerned, they are the selectively fermented ingredients that confer beneficial effects on the host health by modulating the composition and/or the activity of the gut microbiota [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Polysaccharide Isolated from Dictyophora indusiata Promotes Recovery from Antibiotic-Driven Intestinal Dysbiosis and Improves Gut Epithelial Barrier Function in a Mouse Model

et al. 2018

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Despite the tremendous biological activity of polysaccharides from the mushroom Dictyophora indusiata, its role in the restoration of gut microbiota has not yet been explored. The present study aimed to investigate whether D. indusiata polysaccharide (DIP) could modulate the recovery of gut microbiota composition and intestinal barrier function after broad-spectrum antibiotic-driven dysbiosis. Alteration and restoration in the microbial communities were elucidated by the Illumina MiSeq platform. Colon histology, expression of tight-junction associated proteins, and serum/tissue endotoxin and cytokine levels were evaluated. Two-week daily oral administration of clindamycin and metronidazole resulted in reduced bacterial diversity and richness, and perturbed the microbial flora at various taxonomic levels (altered Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased relative abundance of harmful flora (Proteobacteria, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides)), whereas DIP administration reversed the dysbiosis and increased beneficial flora, including Lactobacillaceae (lactic acid-producing bacteria), and Ruminococaceae (butyrate-producing bacteria). In addition, it resulted in the reduction of endotoxemia (through lipopolysaccharides (LPSs)) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)) levels, with the increased expression of tight-junction associated proteins (claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1). These findings not only suggested a comprehensive understanding of the protective effects of a DIP in the restoration of gut microbiota but also highlighted its role in the enhancement of gut barrier integrity, reduction of inflammation and lowering of endotoxin levels in mice.

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Diet and the Gut Microbiota – How the Gut

Cited by 13 publications

References 219 publications

Diet and Mental Health: Review of the Recent Updates on Molecular Mechanisms

Diet and Mental Health: Review of the Recent Updates on Molecular Mechanisms

Human Gut Microbiome Response Induced by Fermented Dairy Product Intake in Healthy Volunteers

A Polysaccharide Isolated from Dictyophora indusiata Promotes Recovery from Antibiotic-Driven Intestinal Dysbiosis and Improves Gut Epithelial Barrier Function in a Mouse Model

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