Diesel particulate emissions and the implications for the soiling of buildings

Mansfield, T.A.; Hamilton, R.; Ellis, B.S.; Newby, Peter

doi:10.1007/bf01266558

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Primary particles are produced directly by the emission source i.e., diesel engines and aged particles are formed by condensation of gaseous species present in the diesel exhaust over existing available nuclei as a result of complex photochemical reactions in the atmosphere and subsequent transformations . DPM lead to poor visibility and have adverse effects on human health, therefore DPM categorized as "Carcinogenic" (Mansfield et al, 1991). Organic species present in the engine exhaust consists of some highly carcinogenic compounds such as nitro-polyaromatic hydrocarbons (nPAHs) (Ravindra et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Morphological Study of Primary and Aged Particles Emitted from a Biodiesel (B20) vis-à;-vis Diesel Fuelled CRDI Engine

Shukla

Gupta

Agarwal

2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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A comparative morphological analysis was performed on the exhaust particles emitted from a common rail direct injection (CRDI) sports utility vehicle (SUV) engine for primary and aged particulates. In this study, soot particles were collected from the CRDI engine fuelled with mineral diesel and 20% biodiesel blend (B20). The engine was operated at a constant speed of 1800 rpm for five different loads (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% rated load) for primary and aged particulate collection. Primary particulate samples were collected on pre-conditioned quartz filter papers from the exhaust stream after partial dilution. For collection of aged particles, the diluted exhaust was passed through a customized photochemical chamber with 2 hour retention time. This allowed photochemical reactions to proceed in presence of ultraviolet light leading to particulate aging in simulated daylight conditions and particulates were collected downstream of the photochemical chamber. Particulate laden filters were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that B20 emitted significantly lower primary particulates in comparison to mineral diesel for all the loads. B20 emitted lower particulates at lower load conditions for aged samples. At higher engine loads (75% and 100%), this reduction in aged particulates for B20 compared to mineral diesel was quite significant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Morphological Study of Primary and Aged Particles Emitted from a Biodiesel (B20) vis-à;-vis Diesel Fuelled CRDI Engine

Shukla

Gupta

Agarwal

2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Therefore emission inventories of PM relate to primary sources of PM only (not secondary sources) 34 . The principal types of primary particulate material are Petrol and diesel vehicles, the latter being the source of most black smoke 35 . Controlled emissions from chimney stacks and fugitive emissions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials in Treatment and Conservation of Archaeological Buildings Façades in Historic Cairo Affected by Air Pollution

Kamal

2023

Journal of Archaeology and Tourism-Must

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Islamic Cairo is a part of central Cairo noted for its historically important mosques and other Islamic monuments. Islamic Cairo was founded in (969 AD) as the royal enclosure for the Fatimid caliphs. Cairo contains the greatest concentration of Islamic monuments in the world, and its mosques, mausoleums, religious schools and baths were built between the seventh and nineteenth centuries. The air pollution in Cairo is a matter of serious concern. Archaeological buildings in Cairo suffer from different deterioration phenomena for example, black crust formation, chemical alterations, disintegration between surface mineral grains, pitting, cracks, missing parts, erosion, and white stains. Building materials which include limestone and marble in addition to salts and surface black crusts had been studied by polarizing microscope (PM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify their components and their deterioration. Study for the effect of nano titanium dioxide and nano lime on stone samples was carried out. Results of stone samples treatment with nanomaterials were evaluated. Nano titanium dioxide gave a good effect in selfcleaning and nanolime (CaLoSiL IP25) gave the best result in consolidation of limestone and marble samples.

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“…The time needed to achieve a 10% loss of reflectance, which corresponds approximately to a change visible by the naked eye [102], is highly variable and ranges from a month to a year. Note also that all soiling processes occur at a varying rate, which tends to be higher during the first weeks of exposure [4,[103][104][105][106][107]. This nonlinear behaviour is what equations (2), (3) and (4) attempt to reflect.…”

Section: The Consequences Of Deposition Of Fine Particlesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Historically, the first dose-response functions were developed under the assumption that soiling is proportional to the square root of the concentration of PM. [103] (Oporto), [4] (roadside, London), [105] (road tunnel, Hertfordshire), [106] (theatre museum, London), [104] (British Museum, London) and [107] (unsheltered roadside, London). http://www.heritagesciencejournal.com/content/1/1/8…”

Section: The Consequences Of Deposition Of Fine Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine particulate matter in indoor cultural heritage: a literature review

Grau-Bové

Strlič

2013

Herit Sci

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Fine particulate matter is, on account of its aerodynamic properties and typical composition (especially diesel particulate matter and carbonaceous particles) the particulate pollutant potentially most harmful to cultural heritage, representing an aesthetic issue and an agent of chemical degradation simultaneously. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the life-cycle of fine particulates, focussing on diesel particulate matter from emission to deposition, including its aesthetic and chemical consequences, and draws attention to some imbalances in the current state of research. The currently available measurements are biased towards coarse dust, and information on the consequences of particle deposition is largely restricted to the outdoor environment. More evidence on the chemical effects of the most common types of fine particulate matter in typical indoor materials is needed to enable risk assessment for indoor collections.

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Diesel particulate emissions and the implications for the soiling of buildings

Abstract: S u m m a r yThe sources of dark smoke and particulate elemental carbon (PEC)

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

A Comparative Morphological Study of Primary and Aged Particles Emitted from a Biodiesel (B20) vis-à;-vis Diesel Fuelled CRDI Engine

A Comparative Morphological Study of Primary and Aged Particles Emitted from a Biodiesel (B20) vis-à;-vis Diesel Fuelled CRDI Engine

Nanomaterials in Treatment and Conservation of Archaeological Buildings Façades in Historic Cairo Affected by Air Pollution

Fine particulate matter in indoor cultural heritage: a literature review

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