Diesel fuel derived from vegetable oils, III. Emission tests using methyl esters of used frying oil

Mittelbach, Martin; Tritthart, P.

doi:10.1007/bf02660579

Cited by 157 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, they can not be produced in a convenient way by esterification of fatty acids, as an azeotrope formed by water and isopropanol avoids the recycling of the alcohol. The fatty acid methyl esters are further used in the manufacture of carbohydrate fatty acid esters (sucrose polyesters), which can be applied as non-ionic surfactants or edible non-calorific oils [74][75][76][77] , and can be used as an alternative fuel substitute for diesel engines (biodiesel) [28][29][30][78][79][80] . These two applications will be discussed separately.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters As Feedstocks For Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the methyl or ethyl esters of fatty acids can be burned directly in unmodified diesel engines, with very low deposit formation 37,38,79,80,82 .…”

Section: Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters As Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soybean 26,30,32,84 , rapeseed 38,78,79 , sunflower 28 and palm 29,37 oils are the most studied. However, there are no technical restrictions to the use of other types of vegetable oils.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters As Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review

Schuchardt¹,

Sercheli²,

Vargas³

1998

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

976

539

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A transesterificação de óleos vegetais com metanol, bem como as principais aplicações de ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos, são revisadas. São descritos os aspectos gerais desse processo e a aplicabilidade de diferentes tipos de catalisadores (ácidos, hidróxidos, alcóxidos e carbonatos de metais alcalinos, enzimas e bases não-iônicas, como aminas, amidinas, guanidinas e triamino(imino)fosforanos). Enfoque especial é dado às guanidinas, que podem ser facilmente heterogeneizadas em polímeros orgânicos. No entanto, as bases ancoradas lixiviam dos polímeros. Novas estratégias para a obtenção de guanidinas heterogeneizadas mais resistentes à lixiviação são propostas. Finalmente, são descritas várias aplicações para ésteres de ácidos graxos, obtidos por transesterificação de óleos vegetais.The transesterification of vegetable oils with methanol as well as the main uses of the fatty acid methyl esters are reviewed. The general aspects of this process and the applicability of different types of catalysts (acids, alkaline metal hydroxides, alkoxides and carbonates, enzymes and non-ionic bases, such as amines, amidines, guanidines and triamino(imino)phosphoranes) are described. Special attention is given to guanidines, which can be easily heterogenized on organic polymers. However, the anchored catalysts show leaching problems. New strategies to obtain non-leaching guanidine-containing catalysts are proposed. Finally, several applications of fatty acid esters, obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils, are described.

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Section: Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters As Feedstocks For Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the methyl or ethyl esters of fatty acids can be burned directly in unmodified diesel engines, with very low deposit formation 37,38,79,80,82 .…”

Section: Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters As Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review

Schuchardt¹,

Sercheli²,

Vargas³

1998

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

976

539

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The relative density of different samples of waste soya bean at room temperature were found in the range of 880 to 905 kg/m 3 which was in the range 800 to 900 kg/m 3 at 15 0 c temperature recommended by ASTM D 6751. The biodiesel extracted at 1:3 molar ratio had lowest relative density of 878 kg/m 3 The American standard for biodiesel, ASTM D 6751, sets a maximum limit of 0.80 mg KOh/g oil for acid value. The acid value for different samples of waste soya bean biodiesel was evaluated and presented in Fig.…”

Section: Characteristic Of Waste Cooking Oil Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biodiesel was chosen as the alternative because its properties differ a bit from conventional diesel depended on the oil feedstock and alcohol used but very close to diesel fuel 3 . Waste oil is defined a synthetic oil that, has become unsuitable for cooking purpose due to the presence of high amount of impurities as well as loss of original properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biodiesel Fuel from Waste Soya bean Cooking Oil by Alkali Trans-esterification Process

Deshpande

Chavda

Kadeval

2016

Curr. World Environ

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Biodiesel is biodegradable, clean-burning, non-toxic, renewable, high-quality, and cheap diesel fuel made primarily from waste vegetable oil which can be used without any alterations in engine design. The paper is concerned with the extraction and quality evaluation of the biodiesel fuels synthesized from waste soya bean cooking oil. Waste soya bean cooking oil had high amount of free fatty acid. Thus, single step transesterification process with the aid of homogeneous catalyst as 1% potassium hydroxide were implemented in this experiment. Methanol was chosen as alcohol solvent. In the transesterification process, the triglycerides in waste cooking oil was reacted with a methanol to form esters and glycerol as byproduct. The biodiesel were extracted for different oil to methanol ratio as 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4. The highest biodiesel yield of 76% was obtained at 1:3 volumetric ratio for 60ºC reaction temperature and 1250 rpm stirring speed. Results show that the optimal methyl ester yield of 90% occurred at methanol: oil volume ratio of 3:1. The product met the ASTM fuel standards for relative density, acid value, relative density, calorific value, flash point and kinematic viscosity.

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Animal Fats

Haas

2005

Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products

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The depot lipids of land animals have long been used by humans in edible and industrial applications and as ingredients for animal feeds. They differ from the lipids of temperate region plants in that they are solid at room temperature (and are therefore termed fats). This solidity is largely a result of their relatively higher content of saturated fatty acids and reduced content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid contents and the arrangement of these constituent fatty acids within the acylglycerols of animal fats confer distinctive properties that lend these lipids to various applications. The major industrial animal fats are tallow, which is obtained from cattle ( Bos taurus ) and sheep ( Ovis aries ), and lard, which is produced by pigs ( Sus scrofa ). In some countries, poultry fat, obtained primarily from chickens ( Gallus gallus ), is also produced in substantial quantities. Finally, greases, which can be a lard product, consist of spent deep fat fryer lipids, or be derived from other types of waste lipids, are another major class of fats with industrial applications. Annual global production of tallow, grease, and lard was estimated at about 15 million metric tons at the turn of the millennium, with an annual rate of increase in production of approximately 1.5%. This constituted about 14% of the global total lipid production of 105 million metric tons. This chapter provides an overview of the structures, properties, types and classes, and industrial processing technologies of animal fats. Contemporary issues relating to and impacting animal fat usage include (1) concerns for their contribution to coronary disease when consumed as a dietary lipid, (2) their use as feedstocks for the production of diesel engine fuels (biodiesel), (3) the recent appearance of bovine spongifiorm encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and its spread to humans, and (4) the discovery of the beneficial effects of the consumption of conjugated linoleic acid.

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Diesel fuel derived from vegetable oils, III. Emission tests using methyl esters of used frying oil

Cited by 157 publications

References 9 publications

Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review

Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review

Production of Biodiesel Fuel from Waste Soya bean Cooking Oil by Alkali Trans-esterification Process

Animal Fats

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