Diesel exhaust and lung cancer mortality in potash mining

Säverin, Robert; Bräunlich, A; Dahmann, D.; Enderlein, G.; Heuchert, G

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199910)36:4<415::aid-ajim2>3.0.co;2-q

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Follow-up mortality data on the cohort covers the years from 1970 to 2001 (S€ averin et al 1999;Neumeyer-Gromen et al 2009 Later, it was suspected that some miners with an occupational history of uranium mining could have influenced the results. A reanalysis was subsequently performed which took previous uranium and coal mining into consideration (M€ ohner et al 2013).…”

Section: German Potash Miners Cohort Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of the relationship between occupational exposure to diesel emissions and lung cancer risk

Möhner

Wendt

2017

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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In 2012, a working group of the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified diesel exhaust (DE) as a human carcinogen (Group 1). This decision was primarily based on the findings of the Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS). The disparity between the results of various methodological approaches applied to the DEMS led to several critical commentaries. An expert panel was subsequently set up by the Health Effects Institute to evaluate the DEMS results, together with a large study in the trucking industry. The panel concluded that both studies provided a useful basis for quantitative risk assessments (QRAs) of DE exposure. However, the results of both studies were non-definitive as the studies suffer from several methodological shortcomings. We conducted a critical review of the studies used by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) working group to evaluate the relationship between DE and lung cancer. The aim was to assess whether the available studies support the statement of a causal relationship and, secondarily if they could be used for QRA. Our review highlights several methodological flaws in the studies, amongst them overadjustment bias, selection bias, and confounding bias. The conclusion from our review is that the currently published studies provide little evidence for a definite causal link between DE exposure and lung cancer risk. Based on two studies in miners, the DEMS and the German Potash Miners study, QRA may be conducted. However, the DEMS data should be reanalyzed in advance to avoid bias that affects the presently published risk estimates.

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Section: German Potash Miners Cohort Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of the relationship between occupational exposure to diesel emissions and lung cancer risk

Möhner

Wendt

2017

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…In some of these studies, efforts were made to assess only underground miners, where exposures to dusts, including diesel, would have been significantly greater. Only Johnston et al (1997) and Saverin et al (1999) correlated lung cancer risk with dust measurements. Waxweiler et al (1973), (not shown in the Table 6) assessed underground miners from potash mines, but took into consideration when diesel equipment was introduced into the mines.…”

Section: Diesel-exhaust Exposures In Miners and Reported Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the SMRs for lung cancer were not provided, the authors noted that there were no significant differences in any causes of death between the miners from the two mines. Saverin et al (1999) Coal/Australia Extension of Brown et al (1997); 24,139 coal industry workers followed from1973-1997 SIR: 0.65, (0.48-0.86) Kirby et al (2000) a CI calculated by IARC (1997), not in original publication Because age-specific total mortality is often lower in miners than in the general population, the potential for confounding by the 'healthy-worker effect' needs to be considered. For lung cancer, however, one would not expect that this effect could be a factor.…”

Section: Diesel-exhaust Exposures In Miners and Reported Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is new in diesel

Bunn¹,

Valberg

Slavin³

et al. 2002

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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We review information from the past 5 years on changes in diesel exhaust (DE) emissions and developments in the study of DE toxicity. New DE technologies have changed the composition of DE considerably, reducing emissions of many of the components of health concern. The increasing similarity of modern diesel and compressed natural-gas engine emissions needs to be reflected in any regulatory analysis. Even for historical DE emissions, considerable study of DE exposure in animals or humans has not produced data useful for risk assessment. DE inhalation exposure in most species (hamsters, guinea pigs, mice) does not produce lung tumors. Inhalation studies of DE in rats found lung tumors only with lung overload, and tumors also occurred when inert dusts were inhaled at overload concentrations. The animal data are reassuring and show that DE is not a concern at ambient exposure levels. Re-analyses of occupational epidemiology have been shown to have serious shortcomings that do not allow the derivation of a quantitative cancer risk. Studies of railroad workers found no dose response; rather cancer risk appeared to decrease for individuals with greater DE exposure. Studies of truck drivers also suffer from serious flaws because of misconceptions about the year that diesel was introduced, lack of an adequate latency period, and the realization that drivers exhibited increased lung cancer risk even prior to the diesel era. Recent industrial hygiene studies of drivers show that DE was not likely to be a primary source of particles or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Further, there is no dose response across occupations. In fact, the occupation (underground miners) with the highest exposure to DE does not exhibit increased cancer risks. This new information seriously weakens earlier risk characterizations of DE by various regulatory groups. New research and better exposure measurements are needed before a reliable risk assessment of DE can be produced.

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“…Die International Agency for Research on Cancer [19] hat Dieselmotoremissionen ebenfalls als wahrscheinlich krebserregend für den Menschen eingestuft. Gewisse epidemiologische Hinweise auf eine Humankanzerogenität ergeben sich aus neueren Studien in arbeitsmedizinischen Kollektiven [3,40]. Ob Dieselmotoremissionen in Umweltkonzentrationen einen Beitrag zum Krebsgeschehen beim Menschen leisten, ist unklar.…”

Section: Gesundheitliche Bedeutungunclassified

Inhalative Noxen in der Umweltmedizin Partikel, Dieselmotoremissionen und Passivrauch

Nowak

2002

Internist

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Diesel exhaust and lung cancer mortality in potash mining

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

A critical review of the relationship between occupational exposure to diesel emissions and lung cancer risk

A critical review of the relationship between occupational exposure to diesel emissions and lung cancer risk

What is new in diesel

Inhalative Noxen in der Umweltmedizin Partikel, Dieselmotoremissionen und Passivrauch

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