Dielectrophoretic measurement of bacterial motor characteristics

Washizu, M.; Kurahashi, Y.; Iochi, H.; Kurosawa, O.; Aizawa, S.-i.; Kudo, S.; Magariyama, Y.; Hotani, H.

doi:10.1109/ias.1991.178250

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Direct application of an external torque on a single molecule was first demonstrated by the method of electrorotation, which applies a constant torque to a polarizable and conductive particle by a rotating electric field (8, 115). Briefly, a MHz rotating electric field is created by applying ac voltage to radially oriented metallic probes.…”

Section: Methods Of Torque Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note this relation is complex, and rotation of the particle in the opposite sense of field rotation is possible (49). Studies of the bacterial flagella motor were enhanced by applying electrorotation to the tethered bacterial cells (Figure 2a) (8, 115). This assay is not limited to the rotation of cells; it can also be used to rotate typical dielectric probe particles (108).…”

Section: Methods Of Torque Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Torque Measurement at the Single-Molecule Level

Forth

Sheinin

Inman

et al. 2013

Annu. Rev. Biophys.

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Methods for exerting and measuring forces on single molecules have revolutionized the study of the physics of biology. However, it is often the case that biological processes involve rotation or torque generation, and these parameters have been more difficult to access experimentally. Recent advances in the single molecule field have led to the development of techniques which add the capability of torque measurement. By combining force, displacement, torque, and rotational data, a more comprehensive description of the mechanics of a biomolecule can be achieved. In this review, we highlight a number of biological processes for which torque plays a key mechanical role. We describe the various techniques that have been developed to directly probe the torque experienced by a single molecule, and detail a variety of measurements made to date using these new technologies. We conclude by discussing a number of open questions and propose systems of study which would be well suited for analysis with torsional measurement techniques.

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Section: Methods Of Torque Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Of Torque Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torque Measurement at the Single-Molecule Level

Forth

Sheinin

Inman

et al. 2013

Annu. Rev. Biophys.

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“…Existing biomanipulation techniques can be classified as noncontact manipulation including laser trapping (Ashkin 1970;Ashkin, Dziedzic, and Yamane 1987;Bruican et al 1987;Wright et al 1990;Conia, Edwards, and Voelkel 1997) and electro-rotation (Washizu et al 1993;Washizu and Jones 1996;Nishioka et al 1997;Arai et al 1997), and contact manipulation referred to as mechanical micromanipulation (Kimura and Yanagimachi 1995). When laser trapping is used for non-contact biomanipulation, a laser beam is focused through a large numerical aperture objective lens, converging to form an optical trap in which the lateral trapping force moves a cell in suspension toward the center of the beam.…”

Section: Biomanipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One alternative to using laser beams is the electro-rotation technique. Electric-field-induced rotation of cells was demonstrated by Washizu et al (1993), Arnold and Zimmermann (1988) and Mischel, Voss, and Pohl (1982), and using the dielectrophoresis (DEP) effect to manipulate cells was reported by Fuhr et al (1994). This non-contact cell manipulation technique is based on controlling the phase shift and magnitude of electric fields.…”

Section: Biomanipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Cell Injection Using an Autonomous MicroRobotic System

Sun¹,

Nelson

2002

int j robot res

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Recent advances in microbiology, such as cloning, demonstrate that increasingly complex micromanipulation strategies are required for manipulating individual biological cells. In this paper, we present a microrobotic system capable of conducting automatic embryo pronuclei DNA injection (cell injection). Conventionally, cell injection has been conducted manually, however, long training, low success rates from poor reproducibility in manual operations, and contamination all call for the elimination of direct human involvement. To automate cell injections, a microrobotic system is developed that is capable of performing automatic embryo pronuclei DNA injection autonomously through a hybrid visual servoing control scheme. A Hough transform is used to detect the nuclei of embryos. Sum-ofsquared-differences optical flow is used to track injection pipette motion, and auto focusing is implemented to determine the relative depth of subcellular structures. A hybrid control scheme is developed to fulfill the cell injection task. Upon the completion of injection, the DNA injected embryos are transferred into a pseudo-pregnant foster female mouse to reproduce transgenic mice for cancer studies. The experimental result shows that the injection success rate is 100%.

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“…In equation (5a), torque generated by the motor was assumed to be independent of the rotation rate (Washizu et al, 1993;Berg & Turner, 1993). It should be noted that other experiments indicated the torque to linearly decrease with the rotation rate (Lowe et al, 1987;Iwazawa et al, 1993).…”

Section: Computer Simulation Of the Inhibition Of The Motormentioning

confidence: 99%