“…Membranes offer a reagent integration strategy that can be particularly amendable to standard manufacturing procedures. Three main approaches exist for this purpose: direct incorporation of the desired reagent by way of membrane submersion, infusion, or deposition, 89,188,264 valved retainment, 244 or functionalization for in situ production with the supply of substrate. 265 In the first scenario, reagents can either be desiccated or lyophilized and pre-concentrated for later resuspension, physically isolated as a liquid for later recovery, or allowed to perfuse passively for slow, continuous release over time.…”