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NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex. 2009.01.005 Veterinary Clinics of North America : Exotic Animal Practice, 12, 2, pp. 361-372, 2009-05 Nutrition, feeding, and behavior of fish Lall, Santosh P.; Tibbetts, Sean M.This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. Nutrition and feeding influence growth, reproduction, and health of fish and their response to physiologic and environmental stressors and pathogens. The basics of fish metabolism are similar to those of warm-blooded animals in that they involve food intake, digestion, absorption, and transport of nutrients to the various tissues. Fish, however, being the most primitive form of vertebrates, possess some distinguishing features, such as the absence of a stomach in certain species, lack of mandibular teeth, and nondifferentiated small and large intestines. Some major physiologic and metabolic differences between other vertebrates and fish include the mechanisms involved in intestinal cell wall absorption by pinocytosis, metamorphosis in larval fish development, and the shift in osmoregulation in salmonids during sea water adaptation, carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogen excretion, and skeletal development. Unlike warm-blooded animals, which are homoeothermic, fish are poikilothermic, so their body temperature and metabolic rate depends on the water temperature. Environmental temperature influences energy expenditure and nutrient intake. At low temperatures, the cell membranes of fish remain fluid because of the incorporation of high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids from dietary fish oils and other lipid sources. Many fish efficiently use protein and lipid for energy rather than carbohydrates. Fish are also unique among vertebrates in their ability to absorb minerals not only from their diets but also from water through their gills and skin.
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF FISHAll the essential nutrients for other animals, including amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and energy-yi...