Die VerwaftschaftsverhÄltnisse Der Indogermamschen Sprachen

Schmidt, Johannes Dragsbæk; Schuchardt, Hugo

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139600071.003

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…While his presentation up to this point is compatible with the views of traditional comparative linguistics (see e.g. Schmidt 1872, referred to on p. 14, but without reference), 1 Bossong goes on to claim that the tree approach may only work for some language families (p. 30). Following Dixon's ‘punctuated equilibrium’ model (1997), he goes on to argue for something like a cycle between convergence and divergence, with the proto‐languages of traditional comparative linguistics resulting from a punctuating event that disrupts the equilibrium of ‘language contact and mutual penetration of languages and language families’ (p. 31).…”

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confidence: 78%

Convergence and Divergence in Language Contact Situations edited by Kurt Braunmüller and Juliane House

Hock

2012

Journal of Sociolinguistics

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confidence: 78%

Convergence and Divergence in Language Contact Situations edited by Kurt Braunmüller and Juliane House

Hock

2012

Journal of Sociolinguistics

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“…In particular, linguists have long questioned such models. Shortly after the publication of Schleicher’s language trees, Johannes Schmidt proposed the rivaling wave theory [ 13 ]. According to the wave theory, linguistic changes spread like waves from a center of origin to its neighbors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Structure of Evolutionary Models of Dialects in Contact

Murawaki

2015

PLoS ONE

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Phylogenetic models, originally developed to demonstrate evolutionary biology, have been applied to a wide range of cultural data including natural language lexicons, manuscripts, folktales, material cultures, and religions. A fundamental question regarding the application of phylogenetic inference is whether trees are an appropriate approximation of cultural evolutionary history. Their validity in cultural applications has been scrutinized, particularly with respect to the lexicons of dialects in contact. Phylogenetic models organize evolutionary data into a series of branching events through time. However, branching events are typically not included in dialectological studies to interpret the distributions of lexical terms. Instead, dialectologists have offered spatial interpretations to represent lexical data. For example, new lexical items that emerge in a politico-cultural center are likely to spread to peripheries, but not vice versa. To explore the question of the tree model’s validity, we present a simple simulation model in which dialects form a spatial network and share lexical items through contact rather than through common ancestors. We input several network topologies to the model to generate synthetic data. We then analyze the synthesized data using conventional phylogenetic techniques. We found that a group of dialects can be considered tree-like even if it has not evolved in a temporally tree-like manner but has a temporally invariant, spatially tree-like structure. In addition, the simulation experiments appear to reproduce unnatural results observed in reconstructed trees for real data. These results motivate further investigation into the spatial structure of the evolutionary history of dialect lexicons as well as other cultural characteristics.

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“…One is called NETWORK BREAKING by Ross (1988) and Pawley and Ross (1995): a dialect becomes isolated from other dialects in its network and accumulates innovations that are not shared across the network; this is e ectively the same process as is posited in the classic family-tree model. A second and somewhat di erent mechanism, which can be called NETWORK PRUNING, was proposed by Schmidt (1872) in his original formulation of the wave model. Discussing Indo-European in particular, he argues that sharply distinct languages and the eventual family-tree e ect can arise out of an earlier dialect network when expanding dialects replace their neighbors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Descent and Diffusion in Language Diversification: A Study of Western Numic Dialectology

Babel¹,

Garrett²,

Houser³

et al. 2013

International Journal of American Linguistics

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The two branches of Western Numic are the Mono and Northern Paiute languages. We argue that this taxonomic structure did not arise as usually assumed in historical linguistics, through increased di erentiation brought about by changes internal to each branch, but rather that di usion between Western and Central Numic played a crucial role in forming the Western Numic family tree. More generally, we suggest that di usion plays a greater role in language diversi cation than is usually recognized.

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Die VerwaftschaftsverhÄltnisse Der Indogermamschen Sprachen

Cited by 10 publications

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Convergence and Divergence in Language Contact Situations edited by Kurt Braunmüller and Juliane House

Convergence and Divergence in Language Contact Situations edited by Kurt Braunmüller and Juliane House

Spatial Structure of Evolutionary Models of Dialects in Contact

Descent and Diffusion in Language Diversification: A Study of Western Numic Dialectology

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