Die Unkraut-Hirse (Panicum miliaceum subsp.ruderale) ? neue Tatsachen und Befunde

Scholz, H.

doi:10.1007/bf00986381

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…de Wet (1992) considered this to be the progenitor of P. miliaceum race miliaceum (see section 2). In contrast, Scholz (1983) thought that this biotype, Panicum miliaceum subsp. (sic) ruderale, with its disarticulating spikelets, was the result of repeated reverse mutations in P. miliaceum subsp.…”

Section: Irelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, by the early 1980s Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale was increasingly infesting fields of Zea mays in Austria (Scholz 1983). In an experiment conducted in northeast Italy, Berti and Zanin (1994) studied the effects of multi-species weed infestations in soybeans.…”

Section: Economic Importance (A) Detrimentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turkey [Asia/Europe] 'Present and behaving as a weed ' Holm et al (1979). Scholz (1983). P. miliaceum subsp.…”

Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of hybrids within proso millet is discussed in section 3 (b). In Europe, Scholz (1983) stated that the weedy biotype of proso millet is a result of repeated reverse mutations in a crop biotype (see section 6).…”

Section: Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Biology of Canadian Weeds: 155.Panicum miliaceumL.

Cavers

Kane

2016

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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this article has been changed to the CC BY 4.0 license. The PDF and HTML versions of the article have been modified accordingly.Abstract: Proso millet, Panicum miliaceum L. (Poaceae), has been a crop in Asia and Europe for 10 000 years and for over 300 years in Canada, where it is grown for grain, rescue crops, birdseed, forage, and recently for swath grazing. Crop-like biotypes have escaped from cultivation throughout Canada, but these infestations were generally temporary. Probably the first persistent, weedy biotype in Canada (Quebec) has large, dormant, dark red seeds. Its eradication has been attempted for many years. In the 1970s, a worse problem, a black-seeded biotype with many weedy attributes, including shattering as seeds ripen and strongly dormant seeds distasteful to many birds, spread across southern Ontario and became labelled as noxious. Concurrently, it was described as the worst weed in the US Corn Belt. In the 1980s, Canadian studies revealed infestations of other weedy biotypes, differing in seed colour and other attributes. Panicum miliaceum is an extremely variable species world-wide. Since the late 1990s, weedy proso millet has declined dramatically after the adoption of newer herbicides, particularly glyphosate. This development may lead to increases in cultivated proso millet, especially where climate change favours short-season crops grown under drier conditions. Key words: weed biology, proso millet, Panicum miliaceum L., weed/crop, intraspecific variation, global distribution and history.Résumé : On cultive le millet, Panicum miliaceum L. (poacées), depuis 10 000 ans en Asie et en Europe et depuis plus de trois siècles au Canada pour ses graines, comme provende de secours, pour nourrir les oiseaux, pour son fourrage et, plus récemment, pour la paissance en andain. Des biotypes domestiqués sont redevenus sauvages un peu partout au Canada, mais les infestations restent le plus souvent temporaires. Le premier biotype envahissant persistant du Canada a probablement été observé au Québec. Il se caractérise par de grosses semences rouges dormantes. On s'est efforcé de l'éradiquer pendant de nombreuses années. Dans les années 1970, un biotype à graines noires, possédant de nombreuses caractéristiques d'une mauvaise herbe (notamment l'égrenage prématuré quand les semences parviennent à maturité et des graines à dormance prolongée que peu d'oiseaux aiment), a soulevé un problème plus épineux en se répandant dans le sud de l'Ontario. Ce biotype a été qualifié de nuisible avant de devenir la pire adventice dans la ceinture du maïs des États-Unis. Dans les années 1980, des études canadiennes ont révélé l'existence de peuplements d'autres biotypes envahissants, aux semences de couleur différente et présentant d'autres caractères. Panicum miliaceum est une espèce extrêmement variable dans le monde. Depuis la fin des années 1990, les variétés envahissantes ont diminué de façon draconienne avec l'apparition de nouveaux herbicides, particulièrement le glyphosate. Ce développement pourrait déboucher su...

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Section: Irelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economic Importance (A) Detrimentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turkey [Asia/Europe] 'Present and behaving as a weed ' Holm et al (1979). Scholz (1983). P. miliaceum subsp.…”

Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Biology of Canadian Weeds: 155.Panicum miliaceumL.

Cavers

Kane

2016

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…These now occur in Illinois, Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Ontario, Quebec, and Manitoba Cavers and Bough 1986). Biotypes of the weed range from crop-like, large, white-seeded strains with dense drooping panicles to a very weedy black-seeded strain that produces large quantities of small dormant seeds and has open shattering inflorescences Scholz 1983;Carpenter and Hopen 1985;Cavers 1985;Cavers and Bough 1986). The black-seeded biotype is considered to be the most troublesome strain of proso millet, although in Ontario other biotypes are known to persist as weed infestations in spite of their apparent lack of seed dormancy features .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Differential response to competition in weedy biotypes of proso millet

Warwick¹,

Thompson²

1987

Can. J. Bot.

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WARWICK, S. I., and THOMPSON, B. K. 1987. Differential response to competition in weedy biotypes of proso millet. Can. J. Bot. 65: 1403-1409. Five weedy biotypes of proso millet (Panicum miliaceurn L.) were grown under conditions of both intra-and inter-biotype competition. These biotypes represent the range of weediness from crop-like, large, white-seeded types with dense, drooping panicles to the most weed-like strain, which produces small, dormant, black seeds and has open, shattering panicles. Under noncompetitive conditions, the five biotypes of proso millet (WHITE, GOLDEN, ORANGE, CROWN and BLACK) differ strikingly in plant size, fresh weight distribution patterns, flowering time, and seed size. All biotypes showed decreased biomass per plant and delayed flowering time with increasing density when grown in monoculture. Variation in total biomass among individuals in each biotype was reduced at increasing densities resulting in positively skewed frequency distributions. The crop-like biotypes (WHITE and GOLDEN) demonstrated the greatest intrabiotype competitive effects, i.e., were the least tolerant of increased density in monoculture showing decreased survival and reduced seed weight. When grown in mixed stands, the same two biotypes were found to have the greater competitive ability than the other biotypes in terms of both survival and total standing crop biomass. The contributions of the BLACK, CROWN, and ORANGE biotypes to total biomass in mixed stands were very small. Factors affecting the successful establishment of field infestations of the crop-like and weedy biotypes are discussed. WARWICK, S. I., et THOMPSON, B. K. 1987. Differential response to competition in weedy biotypes of proso millet. Can. J. Bot. 65 : 1403 -1409. Cinq biotypes adventices du millet (Panicum miliaceurn L.) ont Ctt mis en culture sous des conditions de compCtition intraet inter-biotypes. Ces biotypes repkentent la gamme de caractbres adventices, allant des types ressemblant a des plantes agricoles, Ctant grands et ayant des graines blanches et des panicules denses qui retombent, aux souches ressemblant le plus aux mauvaises herbes et qui produisent de petites graines dormantes noires et des panicules ouvertes et Cparses. En l'absence de compCtition, les cinq biotypes (WHITE, GOLDEN, ORANGE, CROWN et BLACK) different, de f a~o n marquCe, dans leurs tailles, les patrons de distribution de poids frais, le temps de floraison et la dimension des graines. En monoculture, tous les biotypes ont accusC une baisse de la biomasse par plante et un retard dans le temps de floraison 2 une densit6 accrue. La variation de la biomasse totale entre les individus d'un m&me biotype Ctait moindre 2 des densitCs accrues, ceci rksultant en des distributions de frCquences biais positifs. Les biotypes ressemblant a des plantes agricoles (WHITE et GOLDEN) ont montrC les effets de compCtition inter-biotypes les plus prononcCs, c.4-d. qu'ils Ctaient les moins tolCrants d'une forte densit6 en monoculture montrant une baisse de survie et une rCduction da...

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Brandt¹

1995

Transgene Pflanzen

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Die Unkraut-Hirse (Panicum miliaceum subsp.ruderale) ? neue Tatsachen und Befunde

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

The Biology of Canadian Weeds: 155.Panicum miliaceumL.

The Biology of Canadian Weeds: 155.Panicum miliaceumL.

Differential response to competition in weedy biotypes of proso millet

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