Die Transposition der Herzostien-ein Versuch der Erklärung dieser Erscheinung

Pernkopf, Eduard; Wirtinger, W.

doi:10.1007/bf02118863

Cited by 87 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…It has been suggested that the protrusion is homologous to the spiral valve of the amphibian heart and the so-called conal septum of the mammalian heart that separates the lumen of the right ventricular outflow tract from the aorta [3], [83]. Also, the complete part and the free-standing part of the muscular ridge is said to resemble the trabecula septomarginalis (incomplete part) and moderator band (complete part) of the mammalian and avian right ventricle [15], [21], [70], [105], [107], [112]. Consistently, a small remnant of the myocardial outflow tract can be found ventrally in the reptile heart, at the pulmonary arterial base, like the right ventricular outflow tract (or conus, or infundibulum) of the mammalian right ventricle [71], [113]–[116].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Hearts of Lizards and Snakes and Perspectives to Cardiac Evolution

et al. 2013

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Birds and mammals both developed high performance hearts from a heart that must have been reptile-like and the hearts of extant reptiles have an unmatched variability in design. Yet, studies on cardiac development in reptiles are largely old and further studies are much needed as reptiles are starting to become used in molecular studies. We studied the growth of cardiac compartments and changes in morphology principally in the model organism corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus), but also in the genotyped anole (Anolis carolinenis and A. sagrei) and the Philippine sailfin lizard (Hydrosaurus pustulatus). Structures and chambers of the formed heart were traced back in development and annotated in interactive 3D pdfs. In the corn snake, we found that the ventricle and atria grow exponentially, whereas the myocardial volumes of the atrioventricular canal and the muscular outflow tract are stable. Ventricular development occurs, as in other amniotes, by an early growth at the outer curvature and later, and in parallel, by incorporation of the muscular outflow tract. With the exception of the late completion of the atrial septum, the adult design of the squamate heart is essentially reached halfway through development. This design strongly resembles the developing hearts of human, mouse and chicken around the time of initial ventricular septation. Subsequent to this stage, and in contrast to the squamates, hearts of endothermic vertebrates completely septate their ventricles, develop an insulating atrioventricular plane, shift and expand their atrioventricular canal toward the right and incorporate the systemic and pulmonary venous myocardium into the atria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Hearts of Lizards and Snakes and Perspectives to Cardiac Evolution

et al. 2013

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“…More remarkable is Taussig’s idea that these particular cardiac malformations may actually be examples of a ‘primeval heart’ or representative of evolutionary ‘steps’ along the path towards the fully septated, four‐chambered human heart. Taking Taussig’s words at their most literal, the idea that a human foetus has the genetic capacity to form an amphibian heart, for example, may seem almost heretical, especially in the light of previous emphatic rejections of phylogeny as an explanation of human congenital abnormalities (Pernkopf & Wirtinger, 1933; De Vries & Saunders, 1961; Laane, 1973 d ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The outflow tract of the heart in fishes: anatomy, genes and evolution

Grimes

Kirby

2009

Journal of Fish Biology

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A large number of congenital heart defects associated with mortality in humans are those that affect the cardiac outflow tract, and this provides a strong imperative to understand its development during embryogenesis. While there is wide phylogenetic variation in adult vertebrate heart morphology, recent work has demonstrated evolutionary conservation in the early processes of cardiogenesis, including that of the outflow tract. This, along with the utility and high reproductive potential of fish species such as Danio rerio, Oryzias latipes etc., suggests that fishes may provide ideal comparative biological models to facilitate a better understanding of this poorly understood region of the heart. In this review, the authors present the current understanding of both phylogeny and ontogeny of the cardiac outflow tract in fishes and examine how new molecular studies are informing the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary trajectories that have been proposed. The authors also attempt to address some of the issues of nomenclature that confuse this area of research.

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“…The left septal fascicles change orientation through a right angle as the left ventricular endocardium is approached. Pernkopi-and Wirtinger [11] noted the nearly vertical orientation of the right septal musculature as well as the complexity of the left septal muscles. They reported the fibrous raphe which is directed obliquely from the membranous septum and aortic ring towards the apex with muscle fascicles attached to it (fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Anatomy of the Interventricular Septum

Armour

Lippincott

Randall³

1973

Cardiology

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Structure-function studies were performed upon the canine in situ interventricular septum. In response to both neural and chemical stimulation, the left septal apex generated greater percent change in contractile force, and contracted earlier than did the basal portion. Under positive inotropic stimulation the left septum contracted earlier and more forcefully than the right. Coarctation of the pulmonary artery elicited moderate augmentation in right septal contraction with no change in the left, whereas partial occlusion of the aorta resulted in increased contractile force in both septa with predominance on the left. Stimulation of the peripheral end of the cervical vagosympathetic trunk induced comparable suppression in contractile force of all surfaces of the septum as well as in both right and left epicardial muscle segments. Based upon careful anatomical dissection of fresh specimens, the interventricular septum was found to be comprised of thin right and relatively thick left muscle masses. The septum may be divided into three different structural zones. The cranial portion is small and consists of a very thin membranous region. The muscular septum is divisible into cranial and caudal portions, each demonstrating characteristic contractile behaviors which are exaggerated under neurally and chemically augmented states and which play an important role in regulation of cardiac output.

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Die Transposition der Herzostien-ein Versuch der Erklärung dieser Erscheinung

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Development of the Hearts of Lizards and Snakes and Perspectives to Cardiac Evolution

Development of the Hearts of Lizards and Snakes and Perspectives to Cardiac Evolution

The outflow tract of the heart in fishes: anatomy, genes and evolution

Functional Anatomy of the Interventricular Septum

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