Die systematische Stellung vonTheligonum

Wunderlich, Rosalie

doi:10.1007/bf01377490

Cited by 45 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…-Since the inclusion of the herbaceous Theligonum, previously in Theligonaceae, in Rubiaceae (Wunderlich, 1971), it has generally been placed in a monogeneric tribe, Theligoneae. The genus is highly unusual in the family by having, for example, upper leaves with strong anisophylly and male flowers with up to 30 stamens, but the close relationship between Theligoneae and Rubieae has been widely accepted since 1995 .…”

Section: Node I Rubieae Theligoneae and Kelloggiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraphyly of Paederieae, recognition of Putorieae and expansion of Plocama (Rubiaceae‐Rubioideae)

Backlund

Bremer

Thulin

2007

TAXON

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Phylogenetic analyses of taxa that have been included in the tribe Paederieae are performed on the basis of a molecular dataset of plastid DNA sequences (the rbcL gene, rps16 intron, and the regions trnT-F). The paraphyly of Paederieae as currently circumscribed is confirmed. A clade comprising Paederia, Spermadictyon, Leptodermis, and Serissa is retrieved and the circumscription of Paederieae is proposed to be restricted to this clade. Paederia is sister to a clade with Spermadictyon, Leptodermis, and Serissa. Paederia is subdivided into an Asian and an African clade, and within the African clade seven species endemic to Madagascar are sister to P. pospischilii in north-eastern Africa. The position of Kelloggia as sister to Rubieae is confirmed and a position of Saprosma in the Spermacoceae alliance is supported. The genera Putoria, Gaillonia (with segregates), Plocama, and Aitchisonia form a clade that is sister to Theligoneae/Kelloggia/Rubieae. The name Putorieae is resurrected for the members of this clade. A synopsis of Putorieae is provided, where all species are placed in an expanded Plocama with 34 species. Thirty-one new combinations in Plocama are proposed. Plocama pendula on the Canary Islands is strongly supported as sister to a clade with P. crocyllis (former Crocyllis) in southern Africa and P. yemenensis and P. tinctoria (former Gaillonia) in southern Arabia/Horn of Africa.

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Section: Node I Rubieae Theligoneae and Kelloggiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraphyly of Paederieae, recognition of Putorieae and expansion of Plocama (Rubiaceae‐Rubioideae)

Backlund

Bremer

Thulin

2007

TAXON

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“…The Achatocarpaceae a nd Gyrostemonaceae have been included in the Phytolaccaceae (Heimerl, 1889;Cronquist, 1968) and are unknown in regard to the pigme nt characteristic. The Bataceae a nd Theligonaceae, which are thought to lack both anthocyanins and betalain s, have each bee n treated as a monotypic order by various authors, and the Theligonaceae has also been included in the Myrtales (Melchior, 1964), and as a tribe in the Rubiaceae (Wunderlich , 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen Morphology in the Order Centrospermae

Nowicke

1975

Grana

121

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134. Pollen of 190 species from 16 fa milies has been examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Three bas ic pollen types we re found : 3-colpate, pant oporate, and pant ocolpate, all with a spinulose and tubuliferous/ punctate ektexine. The palynological data emphas ize th e close relatio nship of th e betalain families. and support th eir associati on with th e anthocyanin families. Caryophyllaceae and Molluginaceae. Pollen morph ology rei nforces th e place ment of the Cactaceae and Didiereaceae in the order, and wo uld support th e inclu sion of Dysphem ia in th e Chenopodiaceae. The pollen grains of th e Achatocarpaceae, Bataceae, Gyrostemonaceae and Theligonaceae, none of whi ch had th e spinulose and tubuliferous/punctate ektexine, had no counterparts in the remaining taxa examin ed. Thus, th e evidence from palynology does not support th eir inclusion in th e Centrosperm ae and indi cates th at their placement should be re-examin ed. l oan W. No wicke.

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“…Recently authocyanins have been detected in this genus (Mabry et al, 1975). Strong evidence is accumulating from other phytochemical (Kooiman1 971), as well as morphological and embryological ( Wunderlich, 1971), investigations which indicates that Theligonaceae should be closely related to Rubiaceae.…”

Section: Subclass Levelmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Bases of Angiosperm Phylogeny: Ultrastructure

Behnke¹

1975

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

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A classification of sieve-element plastids by their major accumulation of ergastic products (protein or starch) into P-type and S-type, based on the ultrastructural research of some 500 species, provides systematists with a new micromorphological character to be used for a reconsideration of the outline of some of the higher taxa in the Takhtajan system of Magnoliophyta. Plastid types are listed for families and orders of Liliopsida and the first four subclasses of Magnoliopsida. Of these, Magnoliidae and Caryophyllidae are discussed in greater detail It is demonstrated that sieve-element plastids can contribute relevant data to the rearrangement of at least some of the taxa in question. In addition some remarks are made on possible phylogenetic trends among the different plastid types.infrastructure is a rather new field contributing to plant systematics. Despite the comparatively short time which has passed since its introduction, various techniques have already been used very successfully to contribute valuable micromorphological characters to distinctive taxonomic problems.Cole & Behnke (1975) gave a short synopsis of new characters derived from comparative studies with the electron microscope, and a detailed evaluation of their application to plant systematics is being prepared (Behnke & Cole, in preparation). The data presented so far clearly demonstrate that, unlike the situation with lower plants, ultrastructural characters in higher plant systematics are largely confined to results achieved with the scanning electron microscope.With its potentiality to disclose new dimensions of plant surface the scanning electron microscope greatly extends our knowledge of morphological differences.In all of the recent attempts to come to a natural and phylogenetic system of higher plants, and of Magnoliophyta ( Angiospermae ) in particular, morphological information still ranks very high. Consequently, the scanning electron microscope seems more adequate to systematists and has more readily been accepted by them than other ultrastructural tools such as the transmission electron microscope and the freeze etching device. Thus the former failure of ultrastructural research to contribute reliable characters to magnoliophytan systematics may in part be due to its restriction to the cellular and subcellular level of the transmission electron microscope. There are two major reasons which explain why, for a long period, transmission electron microscopy did not even provide minor characters of taxonomic significance to the classification of Magnoliophyta: (1) within any given tissue, cell organelles are considered to be uniform; and (2), the distribution 'Participation in the Symposium of the A. I. B. S. meeting, Amherst, Massachusetts, 1973 was made possible during the tenure of a visiting professorship at the Department of Botanv' University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712. nf th THe a ui th u f ] vishes to express his gratitude to Mrs. L. Pop for technical help during part TJnt un J ubi ! shed r investigations reported and t...

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Die systematische Stellung vonTheligonum

Cited by 45 publications

References 36 publications

Paraphyly of Paederieae, recognition of Putorieae and expansion of Plocama (Rubiaceae‐Rubioideae)

Paraphyly of Paederieae, recognition of Putorieae and expansion of Plocama (Rubiaceae‐Rubioideae)

Pollen Morphology in the Order Centrospermae

The Bases of Angiosperm Phylogeny: Ultrastructure

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