Paraphyly of Paederieae, recognition of Putorieae and expansion of Plocama (Rubiaceae‐Rubioideae)

Abstract

Phylogenetic analyses of taxa that have been included in the tribe Paederieae are performed on the basis of a molecular dataset of plastid DNA sequences (the rbcL gene, rps16 intron, and the regions trnT-F). The paraphyly of Paederieae as currently circumscribed is confirmed. A clade comprising Paederia, Spermadictyon, Leptodermis, and Serissa is retrieved and the circumscription of Paederieae is proposed to be restricted to this clade. Paederia is sister to a clade with Spermadictyon, Leptodermis, and Serissa. Paederia is subdivided into an Asian and an African clade, and within the African clade seven species endemic to Madagascar are sister to P. pospischilii in north-eastern Africa. The position of Kelloggia as sister to Rubieae is confirmed and a position of Saprosma in the Spermacoceae alliance is supported. The genera Putoria, Gaillonia (with segregates), Plocama, and Aitchisonia form a clade that is sister to Theligoneae/Kelloggia/Rubieae. The name Putorieae is resurrected for the members of this clade. A synopsis of Putorieae is provided, where all species are placed in an expanded Plocama with 34 species. Thirty-one new combinations in Plocama are proposed. Plocama pendula on the Canary Islands is strongly supported as sister to a clade with P. crocyllis (former Crocyllis) in southern Africa and P. yemenensis and P. tinctoria (former Gaillonia) in southern Arabia/Horn of Africa.

Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the eastern Asian-eastern North American disjunctMitchellaand its close relativeDamnacanthus(Rubiaceae, Mitchelleae)

“…Sequences obtained from other studies: 1 Bremer & Manen, ; 2 Razafimandimbison et al ., ; 3 L. Andersson, unpublished; 4 Andersson & Rova, ; 5 Bremer & Eriksson, ; 6 Backlund, Bremer & Thulin, ; 7 Alejandro, Razafimandimbison & Liede‐Schumann, ; 8 Bremer, ; 9 Nepokroeff, Bremer & Sytsma, ; 10 Xiang et al ., ; 11 Yokoyama, Fukuda & Tsukaya, ; 12 Novotny et al ., ; 13 Rova et al ., ; 14 A. D. Proujansky and D. L. Stern, unpublished; 15 Malcomber, …”

Molecular phylogeny of Chinese Rubia (Rubiaceae: Rubieae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequences

“…To test the monophyly of Rubia with all data available, 15 sequences from 5 taxa were retrieved from GenBank and combined with our dataset (Table ). Based on previous analyses, representative taxa from other genera in Rubieae (e.g., Galium , Didymaea ) were included in our analysis and Kelloggia was selected as the outgroup (Andersson & Rova, 1999; Nie et al, ; Robbrecht & Manen, 2006; Backlund et al, ; Soza & Olmstead, 2010).…”

“…To test the monophyly of Rubia with all data available, 15 sequences from 5 taxa were retrieved from GenBank and combined with our dataset (Table 1). Based on previous analyses, representative taxa from other genera in Rubieae (e.g., Galium, Didymaea) were included in our analysis and Kelloggia was selected as the (Andersson & Rova, 1999;Nie et al, 2005;Robbrecht & Manen, 2006;Backlund et al, 2007;Soza & Olmstead, 2010). Total genomic DNA was extracted from leaf material dried with silica gel or from herbarium specimens, using Axygen DNA extraction kits (Axygen Biosciences, Union City, CA, USA) following the manufacturer's protocol.…”

Paederiantiti sp. nov. (Rubiaceae) from the Comoros and notes on the affinities of Comorian rubiaceous climbers and lianas

“…Pollen of subgenus Lecontea, for example, differs considerably from that in subgenus Alatopaederia (and subgenus Paederia) (Igersheim 1991); detailed palynological data are unavailable for P. ntiti. Moreover, the number of taxa included in the above-mentioned molecular study (Backlund et al 2007) appears to be too low to draw definite conclusions.…”

“…Fenestrations (basal splits) of the corolla tubes as in P. ntiti occur both in subgenus Lecontea and Alatopaederia. In view of recent molecular data on African, Madagascan, and Asiatic Paederia (Backlund et al 2007) and the intermediate character states of the new species, the subgeneric division of the genus (Puff 1991a) may need amending in that subgenera Lecontea and Alatopaederia are perhaps to be merged. This is not formally done here, however, because there are still some uncertainties.…”