EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Two cases of adenomyoma, composed chiefly of Brunner's glands, ducts, and smooth muscle, involving the submucosa and muscle of the pylorus, are described and discussed.Gland structures in the submucosa and muscle other than carcinoma are amongst the infrequent lesions of the pyloric region of the stomach. While pancreatic tissue accounts for a majority, adenomyoma is rare. Two further examples were recently encountered in partial gastrectomy specimens, and the cases are presented.CASE REPORTS CASE 1 A 27-year-old man had epigastric pain, relieved by antacids, occurring two hours after meals, for three years. A clinical diagnosis of peptic ulcer was made. At laparotomy a hard white thickening of the pylorus was found. Partial gastrectomy with closure of the duodenal stump and anastomosis of the stomach and jejunum was performed.Naked-eye examination revealed a localized thickening up to 1 5 cm., involving the muscle and submucosa of the anterior wall and lesser curve of the pyloric canal for 2 cm., extending into the pyloric sphincter, with minute spaces scattered through the submucosa and muscle. CASE 2 A 39-year-old woman was treated medically for recurring epigastric and lower chest pain for 12 years. The pain occurred shortly after meals, was aggravated by food, and there were exacerbations with vomiting. A prepyloric gastric ulcer was repeatedly demonstrated by barium meal x-ray examinations, which also showed a persistent narrowing of the pyloric canal with two shallow narrow tracks. Eventually a laparotomy showed, apart from an ulcer in the lesser curve of the stomach, a large firm mass in the anterior wall of the pyloric, region and a partial gastrectomy and gastroduodenostomy was performed.Naked-eye examination showed narrowing of the pyloric canal by a thickening of the submucosa and muscle anteriorly for about 2 cm. The submucosa was firm, grey, up to 0 5 cm. thick, and the muscle up to 1-2 cm. thick. There were spaces in the submucosa and in the underlying part of the muscle.Present address: