Die Haut

Hoepke, Hermann

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-81039-8_1

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…The height of the epithelium has been correlated with the secretory state of the cells, with the flat epithelium cells considered as resting or inactive (Hoepke 1927;Hurley and Shelley 1960). Accordingly, our results that show a significantly weaker AR immunoreactivity in the nuclei In sebaceous glands, androgen simulates the secretory activity while estrogen elicits a reduction in size and secretion of sebaceous glands in both men and women (Pochi and Strauss 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These substances act as pheromones in different ways: they activate specific regions within the brain (Sobel et al 1999), affect social behaviour (Cowley and Brooksbank 1991;Cutler et al 1998;Grosser et al 2000), regulate ovulation (Stern and McClintock 1998) and modulate physiological parameters such as the serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone as well as respiration and cardiac frequency in a gender-specific way (Monti-Bloch et al 1998;Shinohara et al 2000). These functions, together with the wellknown fact that the apocrine axillary glands are correlated in structure and function with approaching sexual maturity and do not begin their secretory activity until puberty (Hoepke 1927;Groscurth 2002), have implied that the apocrine axillary glands are stimulated by sex hormones. Accordingly, they should contain receptors for those hormones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Localization of steroid hormone receptors in the apocrine sweat glands of the human axilla

Beier¹,

Ginez²,

Schaller³

2004

Histochem Cell Biol

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The apocrine axillary glands, regarded as pheromone-producing scent glands, do not begin to function until puberty. Accordingly, sex hormones should have an impact on their activity, and the present study was designed to investigate the localization of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta) in those glands. Strong nuclear immunoreactivity for AR and ERbeta was found in the secretory epithelium. In AR especially, staining intensity was correlated with the height of the epithelium with more intense immunoreactivity in tall segments. Since the lower epithelium has been considered inactive or resting, our results suggest a correlation between steroid-receptor expression and secretory activity. Androgens are known to upregulate the cholesterol biosynthesis, and cholesterol may be used as precursor for pheromones. Accordingly, the results of this study establish a possible link between steroid hormone action and induction of pheromone production in the apocrine axillary glands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Localization of steroid hormone receptors in the apocrine sweat glands of the human axilla

Beier¹,

Ginez²,

Schaller³

2004

Histochem Cell Biol

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“…Because cells of Henle's layer in mid-segments are in rats nearly completely keratinized [26], the inhibitory factor would have to be produced by Huxley's layer cells and secreted into the ORS through outgrowths of the specialized cells from the Huxley's layer [38]. These outgrowths pass through the Henle's layer and contact cells of the ORS [39], or more precisely, the companion layer cells [40] where they form gap-junction like structures [39].…”

Section: Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involucrin, but not filaggrin and Kdap mRNA, expression is downregulated in 3-D cultures of intact rat hair bulbs after calcium stimulation

Niderla-Bielińska¹,

Moskalewski²

2011

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Abstract:Abstract: Abstract: Abstract: Abstract: The hair follicle consists of several distinctive epidermal cell layers. The hair root, which undergoes keratinization, is surrounded by two sheaths: the inner root sheath (IRS) and the outer root sheath (ORS). The ORS is continuous with the basal layer of the epidermis. Its cells do not keratinize in situ, unlike IRS. We have previously demonstrated that keratinization of the ORS was prevented by contact with the IRS in hair follicle mid-segments (i.e. fragments dissected from skin at the level above the hair bulb and below the opening of the sebaceous gland duct) cultured on agarose layer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the same applies to the hair bulb. After isolation, intact bulbs or hair bulb-derived cells were incubated in suspension in a low or high calcium medium. The level of mRNA for differentiation markers: involucrin, filaggrin, keratinocyte differentiation associated protein and trichohyalin, was studied by RealTime PCR. We observed increased Ca 2+ upregulated expression of involucrin, filaggrin, trichohyalin and Kdap in cultures of bulb-derived cells, but in hair bulbs downregulation of involucrin and trichohyalin was observed. We concluded that the inner root sheath exerts an inhibitory effect on the expression of involucrin and trichohyalin already in the hair bulbs. The observation that downregulation of involucrin expression under Ca 2+ influence occurs both in hair bulb and midsegments could simplify future experiments, since their separation does not seem to be necessary. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2011, Vol. 49, No. 2, 335-343)

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“…Internal to Henle's layer, Huxley's layer hosts some trichohyalin‐free cells with processes that penetrate outwards to the ORS. These ‘flugelzelle’ and their processes are thought to function as live bridges for inward transfer of nutrients after Henle's layer is hyalanized and is no longer viable (von Hoepke, ; Montagna & Van Scott, ; Langbein et al , ). Although second to differentiate, Huxley's layer hyalinizes after the IRS cuticle (Parakkal, ), and all precede keratinization in the HS proper (Ishii, Tsukise & Meyer, ).…”

Section: The Hs and The Irs: Cellular And Protein Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair curvature: a natural dialectic and review

Nissimov¹,

Chaudhuri

2014

Biological Reviews

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Although hair forms (straight, curly, wavy, etc.) are present in apparently infinite variations, each fibre can be reduced to a finite sequence of tandem segments of just three types: straight, bent/curly, or twisted. Hair forms can thus be regarded as resulting from genetic pathways that induce, reverse or modulate these basic curvature modes. However, physical interconversions between twists and curls demonstrate that strict one-to-one correspondences between them and their genetic causes do not exist. Current hair-curvature theories do not distinguish between bending and twisting mechanisms. We here introduce a multiple papillary centres (MPC) model which is particularly suitable to explain twisting. The model combines previously known features of hair cross-sectional morphology with partially/completely separated dermal papillae within single follicles, and requires such papillae to induce differential growth rates of hair cortical material in their immediate neighbourhoods. The MPC model can further help to explain other, poorly understood, aspects of hair growth and morphology. Separate bending and twisting mechanisms would be preferentially affected at the major or minor ellipsoidal sides of fibres, respectively, and together they exhaust the possibilities for influencing hair-form phenotypes. As such they suggest dialectic for hair-curvature development. We define a natural-dialectic (ND) which could take advantage of speculative aspects of dialectic, but would verify its input data and results by experimental methods. We use this as a top-down approach to first define routes by which hair bending or twisting may be brought about and then review evidence in support of such routes. In particular we consider the wingless (Wnt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways as paradigm pathways for molecular hair bending and twisting mechanisms, respectively. In addition to the Wnt canonical pathway, the Wnt/Ca(2+) and planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways, and others, can explain many alternatives and specific variations of hair bending phenotypes. Mechanisms for hair papilla budding or its division by bisection or fission can explain MPC formation. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transitions, acting in collaboration with epithelial-mesenchymal communications are also considered as mechanisms affecting hair growth and its bending and twisting. These may be treated as sub-mechanisms of an overall development from neural-crest stem cell (NCSC) lineages to differentiated hair follicle (HF) cell types, thus providing a unified framework for hair growth and development.

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Die Haut

Cited by 27 publications

References 137 publications

Localization of steroid hormone receptors in the apocrine sweat glands of the human axilla

Localization of steroid hormone receptors in the apocrine sweat glands of the human axilla

Involucrin, but not filaggrin and Kdap mRNA, expression is downregulated in 3-D cultures of intact rat hair bulbs after calcium stimulation

Hair curvature: a natural dialectic and review

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