Die chemische Konstante des Na und K

Ladenburg, R.; Minkowski, R.

doi:10.1007/bf01329585

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“…The change in volume per unit volume, at a point distant r from the center of the ion, resulting from changing the pressure from zero to p, is where the symbols are the same as those used in the evaluation of the compression work. At low pressures the coefficient of compressibility is practically constant and the expression is easily integrated, but at higher pressures, where both the coefficient of compressibility and the pressure become complicated functions of the field strength, resort is made to graphical methods.13 13 If the approximation be made that = cK, then p is equal to jK2, where e and j are constants. With the expression of Tumlirz for the coefficient of compressibility, Wr/V, may be obtained directly, whence Vol.…”

Section: The Compression Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Free Energy of Hydration of Ions and the Electrostriction of the Solvent

Webb¹

1926

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

112

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Section: The Compression Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Free Energy of Hydration of Ions and the Electrostriction of the Solvent

Webb¹

1926

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

112

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“…The last case is based on the figures given by Ladenburg and Min kowski (3). The value of the constant deduced by those authors was 1 • 017 ; the discrepancy is probably introduced by the more complicated calculation adopted.…”

Section: IIImentioning

confidence: 94%

The chemical and other thermal constants of sodium and potassium

1927

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

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Sodium and Potassium. 533(3) The vapour pressure of sodium has been measured by the same method between 220° and 300° C., and the results are expressed by \ogV = -557A '2?. + 9-7255 -0-6794 log T, with which other observations are in accord.(4) A type of thermostat control was employed, obviating difficulties at the mercury contact surface.(5) The action of sodium on glass was indicated to be mainly due to metal absorbed within the glass at the temperatures of the experiments.A Royal Society grant covered part of the expenses of this work, and it is a pleasure to have this opportunity of expressing thanks. Our thanks are also due to Mr. C. F. Moore for assistance. The Chemical and other Thermal Constants o f Sodium andPotassium.By W. E dmondson, B.A., B.Sc., and A. E cierton, F.R.S. (Received September 21, 1926.)The vapour-pressure equation = -r can be integrated when the variadt RT2 tion with temperature of X, the latent heat of vaporisation, is known : this variation is given by where X0 is the latent heat of vaporisation at absolute zero, f m the latent heat of fusion, and the remaining Cp terms refer to the atomic heats at constant pressure of the solid, liquid and vapour. In the case of most metals there is considerable uncertainty as to the specific heat of the liquid and particularly in the cases of sodium and potassium. In this circumstance it is considered better to extrapolate the vapour-pressure equation to the melting point and to compute the integration constant C at that temperature from the equationwhere p is the vapour pressure in atmospheres at the melting point Tm.on May 12, 2018 http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/ Downloaded from 534The Chemical Constant of Potassium.Three estimates of the value of the constant are given in Table I. W. Edmondson and A. Egerton. The considerations leading to each estimate follow. 1.The vapour pressure at the melting point (63-6° C.) was found by extra polating the linear equation adopted to express the vapour pressure of potas sium.* This involves an extrapolation of less than 40° below the lowest observed point (100° C.). The equation agrees with observations in the other directions to 250° C. and is also in good agreement with Kroner's measurements still higher. XT," = 4-575 T2 -= 4507 • 0 X 4 • 575 = 2The specific heat of the solid has been determined by several investigators. The results are not in good agreement. In converting Cp to Cv, the LindemannMagnus relation Cp = Cv + aT1*5 was used. The value of a, found from Cp -Cv = 0-6 at 20° C., calculated from compressibility data (Richards'), and the thermal expansion is 1-17 . 10 4. A later value given by Eastman. Williams and Young (35) would make a -1 * 0 .10" 4. The empirical value * V. supra, p. 526. 535 a = l-9 .1 ( T 4 used by Ladenburg and Minkowski (3) fits the specific heat measurements (Ref. 29,30,31,32,33,23) better, the C" curve being given by Cp = F ( ) + 1 • 9 . 10-4 T3'2. The specific heat measurements do not extend to sufficiently low temperatures to establish the value of the frequency w...

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Zur statistischen Fundamentierung der chemischen Thermodynamik

Schottky¹

1922

Annalen der Physik

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1. Zwr 8ta#btdachm libmdawnent4emmg der chembchen l'h~ermodyramdk: w o m W. Schottky, I n h a I t e v e r I e i c h n i e : Emleitung 8.481-486.tfbermcht S. 486-496. -$ 1. Bestimmnng chemiecher Arbeiien d m h thenoisehe Xemongen. Elimination der isothermen reveraiblem chcminchen Promase d d theoretiache Auat~gen itber chemieche Proresee bei T = 0. Dan Nernstrrche Theorem and mine Orensen. S. 486-bO6. -Q 2. Eingreifen der Statistit Die allgemeioen Anfgabea ond Anspmche der chemiechen Statintik. DIM ,,Wiede&den" chemisch verllnderter Systeme im P h mmum. StatirtiL unvollkommener Gleichgewichte. Die ,,formple'L nnd ,,techn&che" Entropie. 8. 606-616. -Q 3. Vertamchbarkeit gleicher Teilchen. Der ,,redwii~& F'haaenraum". Beaktionehemmnngen nnd Wlnde. ,,Zn knme Beobachtungsr;eiten". Spsltung des Entropieam-dn~ckea. 8.617-686. -$4. Schranknngen der Teilehennhlen. -Zerlegnng der Phoaemhtegrale. 8.885-664. Die Versuche, dae Nerneteche Theorem aus Elementarannahmen iiber die m6glichen Beweguojpn der atomietie&em Beetandteile eines Syateme (Quantenbedingnngen) mit Hilfe etbtietircher Yethodon obwleitan, und auf Qebieten, in denen ee nicht auereicht, durch quantitative Aueeagen su e-en (chemimhe Konetanten der Gaee), haben die Wirkung oder Nebenwirkung gehabt, drs ein Gtebiet der Statietilt, dae bie etwa 1912 wenig beaohtet and behandelt worden iet, in neuerer Zeit eine stdindig wachsende Bedeutnng gewinnt, und, beeonders fir den Phyeikochemiker, faat in den Vordergrmd des hteremtm tritt: die Statietik der Syeteme mit ,,chemimhen" Variabeln, d. h. eolcher Syeteme, in denen nieht nur Anderungen von Volumen (Drack) , Temperatur (Gesamtenergie), etwaiger ObedBchen oder OberfWnmspsnnungen uew. betrachtet werden, sondern aueh eine hderang der Zabl und Art der in den Syetemen vorhandenen Elementarbeetandteile. Da6 ee eich bei dieeer ,,chemiechen Statietik" nm einen Komplex von Fragen handelt, die, mag man nun von Llaesiechen A n d e n derPh(L. IV. polee. 68 33 1) M. Plamck, Absolute Entropie und chemiaabe Konetante. Ann. 2) P. Ehrenfeet u. V. Trkal, a a 0. 01. (62) 5. 627. 33. d. P h p 88. S. 365-372. 1921. 1) Ann. d. Phys. 6%. S. 113-156, 1920. 2) Im folgenden notiert ale ,,QuPntengewichts" I und II. Zur statielischm findamentierung usw. 485 tronen) die Dimensionen des Phasenraumes beeaimmen, und zwar stand dabei die Frage nach dem Qaantsngewicht der Gmmolekeln und der feeten Karper gesondert zur D i e h i o n , es wurde also etillmhweigend angenommen, daS ,,Quantengewichte" und, damit im Zueammenhang, ,,Entropiekonetanten" verachiedener Phaaen an und fir sich, ohne Riickeicht a d daa Qleichgewicht vemhiedener Phasen oder Zusthde untereinander, eine gewisee Bedeutung beaitzen.Hier tritt also die Frage nach der hlativoder Absolutanffaeaung der Boltzmannechen Gleichung in enger Verbindung mit den etatistiechen Parallelfragen zum Nernatsohen Theorem in der Weiee auf, da6 jede befriedigeude Laeung und Begrundung von vornherein ansgeechloeaen wird, wenn man die Atome ale tote unverilsderliche Mmsenpunkte ansieht. Mit dem Moment, wo der...

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Die chemische Konstante des Na und K

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

The Free Energy of Hydration of Ions and the Electrostriction of the Solvent

The Free Energy of Hydration of Ions and the Electrostriction of the Solvent

The chemical and other thermal constants of sodium and potassium

Zur statistischen Fundamentierung der chemischen Thermodynamik

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